Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
When Dr. H. examined the cluster of stars, following the head of the
Great Dog, he found on March 19, 1786, that there was within this
cluster a round, resolvable nebula, of about 2' in diameter, and nearly
an equal degree of light throughout. Here, considering that the cluster
was free from nebulosity in other parts, and that many such clusters,
as well as such nebulæ, exist in divers parts of the heavens, it seemed
very probable that the nebula was unconnected with the cluster; and
that a similar reason would as easily account for this appearance as
it had resolved the phenomenon of the double star near e Bootis; that
is, a casual situation of our sun and the two other objects nearly in
a line. And though it may be rather more remarkable, that this should
happen with two compound systems, which are not by far so numerous
as single stars, we have, to make up for this singularity, a much
larger space in which it may take place, the cluster being of a very
considerable extent.
On February 15, 1786, Dr. H. discovered that one of his planetary
nebulæ had a spot in the centre, which was more luminous than the rest,
and with long attention, a very bright, round, well-defined centre
became visible. He remained not a single moment in doubt, but that
the bright centre was connected with the rest of the apparent disc.
October 6, 1785, he found a very bright, round nebula, of about 1-1/2'
in diameter. It has a large, bright nucleus in the middle, which is
undoubtedly connected with the luminous parts about it. And though
we must confess, that if this phenomenon, and many more of the same
nature, recorded in the catalogues of nebulæ, consist of clustering
stars, we find ourselves involved in some difficulty to account for the
extraordinary condensation of them about the centre; yet the idea of
a connection between the outward parts and these very condensed ones
within, is by no means lessened on that account.
There is a telescopic milky way, which Dr. H. has traced out in the
heavens in many sweeps made from the year 1783 to 1789. It takes up
a space of more than 60 square degrees of the heavens, and there are
thousands of stars scattered over it: among others, four that form a
trapezium, and are situated in the well known nebula of Orion, which
is included in the above extent. All these stars, as well as the four
mentioned, he takes to be entirely unconnected with the nebulosity
which involves them in appearance. Among them is also _δ_ Orionis,
a cloudy star, improperly so called by former astronomers; but it does
not seem to be connected with the milkiness any more than the rest.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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