Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
Many other diffused nebulosities, besides that about the constellation
of Orion, have been observed or suspected; but some of them are
probably very distant, and run far out into space. For instance, about
5m in time preceding _x_ Cygni, Dr. H. suspects as much of it
as covers near 4 square degrees; and much about the same quantity
44m preceding the 125 Tauri. A space of almost 8 square degrees, 6m
preceding _α_ Trianguli, seems to be tinged with milky nebulosity.
Three minutes preceding the 46 Eridani, strong, milky nebulosity is
expanded over more than 2 square degrees. Fifty-four minutes preceding
the 13th _Canum venaticorum_, and again 48m preceding the same
star, the field of view affected with whitish nebulosity throughout
the whole breadth of the sweep, which was 2° 39'. Four minutes
following the 57 Cygni a considerable space is filled with faint,
milky nebulosity, which is pretty bright in some places, and contains
the 37th nebula of the 5th class, in the brightest part of it. In the
neighbourhood of the 44th Piscium, very faint nebulosity appears to
be diffused over more than 9 square degrees of the heavens. Now all
these phenomena, as we have already seen, will admit of a much easier
explanation by a luminous fluid than by stars at an immense distance.
The nature of planetary nebulæ, which has hitherto been involved in
much darkness, may now be explained with some degree of satisfaction,
since the uniform and very considerable brightness of their apparent
disc accords remarkably well with a much condensed, luminous fluid;
whereas, to suppose them to consist of clustering stars, will not so
completely account for the milkiness or soft tint of their light, to
produce which it would be required that the condensation of the stars
should be carried to an almost inconceivable degree of accumulation.
The surmise of the regeneration of stars, by means of planetary nebulæ,
expressed in a former paper, will become more probable, as all the
luminous matter contained in one of them, when gathered together into a
body of the size of a star, would have nearly such a quantity of light
as we find the planetary nebulæ to give. To prove this experimentally,
we may view them with a telescope that does not magnify sufficiently
to show their extent, by which means we shall gather all their light
together into a point, when they will be found to assume the appearance
of small stars; that is, of stars at the distance of those which we
call of the 8th, 9th, or 10th magnitude. Indeed this idea is greatly
supported by the discovery of a well-defined, lucid point, resembling
a star, in the centre of one of them; for the argument which has been
used, in the case of nebulous stars, to show the probability of the
existence of luminous matter, which rested on the disparity between a
bright point and its surrounding shining fluid, may here be alleged
with equal justice. If the point be a generating star, the further
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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