Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
More extensive views may be derived from this proof of the existence
of a shining matter. Perhaps it has been too hastily surmised that
all milky nebulosity, of which there is so much in the heavens, is
owing to starlight only. These nebulous stars may serve as a clue to
unravel other mysterious phenomena. If the shining fluid that surrounds
them is not so essentially connected with these nebulous stars, but
that it can also exist without them, which seems to be sufficiently
probable, and will be examined hereafter, we may with great facility
explain that very extensive, telescopic nebulosity, which, as before
mentioned, is expanded over more than 60° of the heavens, about the
constellation of Orion; a luminous matter accounting much better for it
than clustering stars at a distance. In this case we may also pretty
nearly guess at its situation, which must commence somewhere about the
range of the stars of the 7th magnitude, or a little farther from us,
and extend unequally in some places perhaps to the regions of those
of the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th. The foundation for this surmise is,
that not unlikely some of the stars that happen to be situated in a
more condensed part of it, or that perhaps by their own attraction
draw together some quantity of this fluid greater than what they are
entitled to by their situation in it, will, of course, assume the
appearance of cloudy stars; and many of those named are either in this
stratum of luminous matter, or very near it.
It has been said above, that in nebulous stars the existence of the
shining fluid does not seem to be so essentially connected with the
central points that it might not also exist without them. For this
opinion we may assign several reasons. One of them is the greater
resemblance of the chevelure of these stars and the diffused extensive
nebulosity mentioned before, which renders it highly probable that
they are of the same nature. Now, if this be admitted, the separate
existence of the luminous matter, or its independence of a central
star, is fully proved. We may also judge, very confidently, that the
light of this shining fluid is no kind of reflection from the star in
the centre; for, as we have already observed, reflected light could
never reach us at the great distance we are from such objects. Besides,
how impenetrable would be an atmosphere of a sufficient density to
reflect so great a quantity of light! And yet we observe, that the
outward parts of the chevelure are nearly as bright as those that are
close to the star; so that this supposed atmosphere ought to give no
obstruction to the passage of the central rays. If therefore this
matter is self-luminous, it seems more fit to produce a star by its
condensation than to depend on the star for its existence.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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