Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
3d. In regard to the objection made to the experiment which was
undertaken with a view of determining whether a change had taken place
in the capacity of the metallic dust for heat, this can very readily be
answered, and in such a way that nothing, it seems to me, can be said
against it. If the temperature of boiling water were really sufficient
to give to these small, forcibly condensed particles of metal the
quantity of heat necessary to bring them back to their original
condition as far as their capacity for heat is concerned, then, as the
water by which the apparatus was surrounded finally began to boil,
they must, without doubt, have taken the necessary amount of heat from
this water. If, now, these particles of metal received finally from
the water the caloric which in the beginning they imparted to it,
the question arises, whence came the caloric which served to heat,
not only the water, but also the metal and the objects immediately
surrounding it?
I am far from desiring to deceive anyone by an imposing arrangement
of facts; but the facts in my experiments were so very striking that
it was altogether impossible for me to help instituting comparisons
and making calculations with regard to them which would make them
clear, especially to those not yet sufficiently acquainted with such
investigations.
I will now close my remarks with an entirely new computation. I will
show whether it is probable that the metal could supply all the heat
which was produced by friction in the experiment in question. If we are
to make this supposition, we must, in the first place, allow that all
the heat came directly from the particles of metal which were separated
from the solid mass of metal by the friction; for, since the mass
remained in the same condition throughout the entire experiment, it is
evident that it could contribute in no measure to the effect produced.
We will now inquire how much heat would have been developed if the
experiment had been carried on without cessation, until the whole mass
of metal had been reduced to powder by the friction.
After the experiment had lasted an hour and a half, there were 4145
grains (Troy) of the metallic dust, and during that time an amount of
heat was produced by the friction sufficient to raise 26.58 pounds of
ice-cold water to the boiling point.
Since the mass of metal weighed 113.13 pounds, or 791,190 grains, all
this metal would have been reduced to powder if the experiment had
lasted uninterruptedly, day and night, for 477-1/2 hours, or for 19
days 21-1/2 hours, and during this time an amount of heat would have
been produced sufficient to have raised 5078 pounds of water to the
boiling-point.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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