Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
An ordinary crystal consists of a number of laminæ; when so small as
to be but just discernible, it has the form which the whole crystal
afterwards exhibits, at least as far as regards the angles; we must
therefore suppose that the first layer is formed around a very small
corpuscle, which is of the same shape as the subsequent crystal. We
will call this the primitive corpuscle. It is doubtful what may be
the shape of this corpuscle in the crystals which are capable of
imbibition. The first layer, then, is formed around the corpuscle
in the way mentioned; it grows by intussusception, and thus forms
a hollow, round or oval vesicle, to the inner surface of which the
primitive corpuscle adheres. As all the new molecules that are being
deposited may be placed in this layer without any alteration being
required in the law which regulates the coalescence of the molecules
during crystallization, we must conclude that it remains the only
layer, and becomes greatly expanded, so as to represent all the
layers of an ordinary crystal. It is, however, a question whether
there may not exist some reasons why several layers can be formed.
We can certainly conceive such to be the case. The quantity of the
solid substance that must crystallize in a given time, depends upon
the concentration of the fluid; the number of molecules that may,
in accordance with the law already mentioned, be deposited in the
layer in a given time depends upon the quantity of the solution
which can penetrate the membrane by imbibition during that time. If
in consequence of the concentration of the fluid there must be more
precipitated in the time than can penetrate the membrane, it can only
be deposited as a new layer on the outer surface of the vesicle. When
this second layer is formed, the new molecules are deposited in it, and
it rapidly becomes expanded into a vesicle, on the inner surface of
which the first vesicle lies with its primitive corpuscle. The first
vesicle now either does not grow at all, or at any rate much more
slowly, and then only when the endosmosis into the cavity of the second
vesicle proceeds so rapidly that all that might be precipitated while
passing through it, is not deposited. The second vesicle, when it is
developed at all, must needs be developed relatively with more rapidity
than the first; for as the solution is in the most concentrated state
at the beginning, the necessity for the formation of a second layer
then occurs sooner; but when it is formed, the concentration of the
fluid is diminished, and this necessity occurs either later or not at
all. It is possible, however, that even a third, or fourth, and more,
may be formed; but the outermost layer must always be relatively the
most vigorously developed; for when the concentration of the solution
is only so strong, that all that must be deposited in a certain time,
can be deposited in the outermost layer, it is all applied to the
increase of this layer.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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