VASE (=nu=). The vase represents an _ampulla_ or bottle. The three vases in this place are used as a determinative to _men_, monument; and being three in number, indicate plurality, making MEN into MENU, monuments. HORNED SNAKE (=ef=) _his_. This figure is often called cerastes. Standing by itself it usually stands for the possessive pronoun _his_. ZIGZAG (=en=) _to_. Used here as a preposition. SEMICIRCLE and CERASTES (=tef=) _father_. The semicircle is here an alphabetic phonetic, equal to _t_, and with _ef_ makes TEF, meaning father. HAWK (=bak=) _Horus_. The hawk alone stood for any solar deity. With the solar disk on the head and two ovals by the side, as in the present hieroglyph, it stood for Haremakhu, the sun in the horizon. The two ovals are called KHU, and stand for the eastern and western horizons. Thothmes III. claims Horus as his father, and it is moreover evident from the above that the obelisk itself is dedicated to the rising sun. The great Sphinx at the pyramids of Ghizeh is also dedicated to Haremakhu, and this may account for the fact that the gigantic figure faces the east, the region of the rising sun. [Illustration: "He has set up two great obelisks capped with gold."] THRONE BACK (=es=). This may be the back of a chair. It is the old hieroglyph for the letter _s_. REEL (=ha=) _set up_. This hieroglyph is by some thought to be the leg of a stool. ZIGZAG (=en=) _has_. HORNED SNAKE (=ef=) _he_. OBELISK (_tekhen_) is in this place an image or picture of the thing spoken of, namely obelisk. This hieroglyph is therefore an iconograph, or representation. Two obelisks are here depicted, to indicate that two were set up. According to Cooper the obelisk was an emblem of the sun--the clearest symbol of supreme deity. The Egyptian name was TEKHEN, a word signifying mystery, and it was regarded among the initiated as the esoteric symbol of light and life. The obelisk was consequently dedicated to Horus, the god of the rising sun, while the pyramid, the house of the dead, was dedicated to Tum, or Atum, the god of the setting sun. Hence obelisks are found only on the east bank of the Nile, while pyramids are built on the west side, by the edge of the silent desert. SWALLOW (=ur=) _great_. The swallow is an emblem of greatness, and therefore may be called an ideograph, or symbolic hieroglyph. Two swallows are here depicted, because there are two obelisks, and the dual form extends to the adjective. TWO LEGS (=bu=) _capped_. There are two legs, to express duality, and thus agree with the preceding substantive, two obelisks. A human leg is the original alphabetic sign for letter _b_. The letter _u_ is a plural termination.