The hermits self-excommunicate--Liability to create a schism--S. Paul-- S. Mary of Egypt--S. Anthony--Enormous number of solitaries compels organisation into monasteries--Causes inducing flight to the desert--S. Athanasius at Trèves--Writes the "Life of S. Anthony"--Impulse given to flight from the world in the West--S. Martin--Desires to imitate the Lives of the Fathers of the Desert--At Poitiers--Founds Ligugé--Rock cells--Later history and ruin--Martin becomes Bishop of Tours--Founds Marmoutier--History and ruin--Martin and the masqueraders--Present state--Baptistry--The Seven Sleepers--Brice elected bishop--Obliged to fly the see--Return and penance--Cave of S. Leobard--Abbey of Brantôme --Underground church--Other caves--"Papists' Holes" at Nottingham--Rock monastery of Meteora--Der el Adra--Inkermann CHAPTER X CAVE ORACLES Polignac--Greek oracles--Charonion--Cave of the Nymphs--Exhalations-- Delos--Care of Trophonios--Experiences of Pausanius--Cave at Acharaca --Sibylline oracles--Destruction--Forged oracles--Oracles among the Jews--Story of Hallbjörn--Sounds issuing from caves--Echo--Æolian cave of Terni--Purgatory of S. Patrick--The Knight Owain--Visit by Sir William Lisle--By a monk of Eymstadt--Prohibited by Alexander VI.-- Prohibition rescinded by Pius III.--Destroyed in 1622--Revival of pilgrimages--Description by Gough--Friar Conrad--Lazarus Aigner-- Roderic, King of the Goths--Sortes Sacræ--Condemned by the Church-- Nevertheless practised--Instances from Gregory of Tours--Incubation in pagan shrines--The cave of Cybele--Temples of Isis and Esculapius-- Churches founded by Constantino dedicated to S. Michael--Incubation practiced in them--Instances--Churches of S. Cosmas and Damian-- Practice at Caerleon--Superstition hard to kill--Grotto of Lourdes CHAPTER XI ROBBERS' DENS Humphrey Kynaston--His adventurous life--Cave at Ness Cliff--Chinamen-- David at Adullam--Bandit caves in Palestine--Lombrive--Surtshellir-- Feruiden's cave--Gargas--La Crouzafce--The haunts of Grettir-- Dunterton--Precautions against burglary--Story of K. F. Masch--His capture--The Leichtweishohle--Adersbach retreats--Babinsky--His capture CHAPTER XII BOOK SEPULCHRES