Without expressing any opinion as to the value of Cordeiro's results we feel that the subject of the earth's gyroscopic motion and of a possible secular change in the direction of the axis deserves investigation for two chief reasons. In the first place, evidences of seasonal changes and of seasonal uniformity seem to occur more or less alternately in the geological record. Second, the remarkable discoveries of Garner and Allard[68] show that the duration of daylight has a pronounced effect upon the reproduction of plants. We have referred repeatedly to the tree ferns, corals, and other forms of life which now live in relatively low latitudes and which cannot endure strong seasonal contrasts, but which once lived far to the north. On the other hand, Sayles,[69] for example, finds that microscopical examination of the banding of ancient shales and slates indicates distinct seasonal banding like that of recent Pleistocene clays or of the Squantum slate formed during or near the Permian glacial period. Such seasonal banding is found in rocks of various ages: (a) Huronian, in cobalt shales previously reported by Coleman; (b) late Proterozoic or early Cambrian in Hiwassee slate; (c) lower Cambrian, in Georgian slates of Vermont; (d) lower Ordovician, in Georgia (Rockmart slate), Tennessee (Athens shale), Vermont (slates), and Quebec (Beekmantown formation); and (e) Permian in Massachusetts (Squantum slate). How far the periods during which such evidence of seasons was recorded really alternated with mild periods, when tropical species lived in high latitudes and the contrast of seasons was almost or wholly lacking, we have as yet no means of knowing. If periods characterized by marked seasonal changes should be found to have alternated with those when the seasons were of little importance, the fact would be of great geological significance.