Shreveport, La., rainfall and temperature, 93 f. Shrinkage of the earth, 190. Siberia, and glaciation, 132. Sierras, rainfall records, 82. Simpson, G. C., cited, 222. Sirius, companion of, 280; distance from sun, 262; luminosity, 278; speed of, 281. Slichter, C. S., cited, 192. Smith, J. W., cited, 73. Snowfall, glaciation and, 50, 114. Snowfield, climatic effects of, 115. Snow line, height of, 138; in Andes, 139; in Himalayas, 139. Solar activity, cycles of, 245; deep-sea circulation and, 179; ice and, 134. Solar constant, 114. Solar-cyclonic hypothesis, 51-63, 287; glaciation and, 110-129. Solar prominences, cause of, 61. Solar system, 252; conservation of, 243; proximity to stars, 63. Solar variations, storms and, 31. South America, earthquakes, 301. South Pole, thickness of ice at, 125. Southern hemisphere, earthquakes, 296; glaciation in, 131 f. Southern Pacific railroad, rainfall records along, 82. Soy beans, effect of light, 185 f. Space, sun's journey through, 264-284. Spiral nebulae, 251 f.; universe of, 267. Spitzbergen, submergence, 219. Springs, climate and, 66. Stars, approach to sun, 253; binary, 252; clusters, 252, 268; effect on solar atmosphere, 63; dark, 254; parallaxes of, 276 f.; tidal action of, 249. Stefan's Law, 257. Stein, M. A., cited, 78. Stellar approaches, probability of, 260. Storm belt in arid regions, 144. Storm-floods, in fourteenth century, 99. Storminess, and erosion, 309; and ice, 134; effect on glaciation, 112; sunspots and, 163; temperature and, 94, 173. Storms, blows of, 300, 302; increase, 60; movement of, 125 f.; movement of water and, *175; origin of, 30 f.; sunspots and, 28, 53; _see_ Cyclones and Lows. Storm tracks, during glacial period, 117; location, 113; relation to magnetic poles, 150; shifting of, 119. Strands, climate and, 66; in semi-arid regions, 60; of salt lakes, 142. Suess, E., cited, 192. Sun, and the earth's crust, 285-317; approach to star, 253; atmosphere of, 61, 274; atmosphere of, and weather, 52; cooling of, 49; contraction of, 249; disturbances of, 172; effect of other bodies on, 242-263; heat, 13; journey through space, 264-284; Knowlton's hypothesis of, 168. Suncracks, 232. Sunspot cycles, 27 f. Sunspots, and earthquakes, 289; causes of, 61; magnetic field of, 261; maximum of, 109; mild climates and, 172; number, 108 f.; periodicity, 243; planetary hypothesis of, 253; records, 245; storminess and, 163; storms and, 300; temperature of earth and, 52, 173. Sunspot variations, 282. Swamps, as desert phenomena, 171. Sylt, storm-flood, 99. Syria, civilization in, 67; inscriptions in, 76; Roman aqueducts in, 71.