Produced by Chris Curnow, Rory OConor and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) CLIMBING IN THE BRITISH ISLES _ENGLAND_ CLIMBING IN THE BRITISH ISLES _3 vols. 16mo. Sold separately._ I. ENGLAND. II. WALES. _In preparation._ III. SCOTLAND. _In preparation._ LONDON AND NEW YORK: LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. CLIMBING IN THE BRITISH ISLES _I.--ENGLAND_ BY W.P. HASKETT SMITH, M.A. MEMBER OF THE ALPINE CLUB WITH TWENTY-THREE ILLUSTRATIONS BY ELLIS CARR MEMBER OF THE ALPINE CLUB AND FIVE PLANS LONDON LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. AND NEW YORK: 15 EAST 16th STREET 1894 _All rights reserved_ CONTENTS Introduction The headings, for convenience of reference, are arranged in one continuous alphabetical series, comprising the following classes of subject: I. COUNTIES AND DISTRICTS WHICH ARE OF INTEREST TO THE MOUNTAINEER (_e.g._ Cumberland, Cornwall, Derbyshire, Ennerdale) II. PLACES WHICH ARE CONVENIENT AS CLIMBING CENTRES (_e.g._ Keswick, Patterdale, Wastdale Head) III. MOUNTAINS AND ROCKS WHICH AFFORD CLIMBS (_e.g._ Dow Crag, Pillar, Scafell) IV. CLIMBS OF REPUTATION, WITH DIRECTIONS FOR FINDING AND ACCOMPLISHING THEM (_e.g._ Deep Gill, Mickledoor, Napes Needle) V. TECHNICAL TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS (_e.g._ back-and-knee, chimney, toe-scrape) VI. LOCAL NAMES FOUND AMONG THE HILLS, WITH OCCASIONAL NOTES ON THEIR ORIGIN AND MEANING (_e.g._ bink, clough, gill, hause, hope) INTRODUCTION For some years past there has been a remarkably rapid increase in the number of men who climb for climbing's sake within the bounds of the British Isles. When any young and active Englishman sees a rock and is told that the ascent of it is regarded as a kind of feat, there is no doubt what he will want to do. He will obey what has been the instinct of the race at any time this forty years. But lately there has been a change. What was formerly done casually and instinctively has for the last dozen years or so been done systematically and of set purpose, for it is now recognised that hill-climbing in these islands may form part of a real mountaineering education. Many might-be mountaineers have missed their vocation because they were in the position of the prudent individual who would not go into the water until after he should have learned to swim: they did not become Alpine because they were afraid that they should make fools of themselves if they went on the Alps. Yet, had they only known it, they might have found without crossing the sea many a place which might have been to their undeveloped instincts what the little pond at the end of the garden has been to many a would-be skater--a quiet spot where early flounderings would be safe from the contemptuous glances of unsympathetic experts.