From the most transient form of cirrus we pass, in Plate 11, to the
most persistent and probably the most frequent. It occurs in detached
masses which have very variable forms but are wholly fibrous, with the
details arranged in a very irregular manner. The example figured was
taken in the evening during a long spell of fine weather. If such a
cloud is watched, its permanence of detail is very striking, and must
be due to a persistence of slow eddying movements and to a continual
renewal and waste of the component particles of each wisp. This is
the kind of cirrus selected generally as the type of cirrus, and the
selection is a good one. Common cirrus, or cirrus communis, it should
be called. Settled conditions and fine weather are its usual attendants.
[Illustration: Plate 11.
COMMON CIRRUS.
(_Cirrus Communis._)]
We next come to a variety which is anything but a harbinger of good,
namely, the long stripes or bands of cirrus which stretch outwards
from the margin of the cloud canopy of a cyclonic storm. In some ways
these appendages to the great nimbus resemble the strips of cirriform
cloud which fringe the summit of a thunder-cloud. They look as if they
must have been formed by the blowing away, by a rapid wind, of the top
of an uprising column of vapour-charged air. Their main outline may
thus be easily accounted for, but we have only to study their detailed
structure for a few minutes to feel that they really present a problem
of a very high order. Plate 12 shows a fairly simple example, but Plate
13 represents a cloud of very great complexity. To take this last the
camera was tilted upwards at an angle of 45 degrees, so that the top of
the picture is not far from the zenith. The wonderful plume of cloud
rose from the southern horizon, and ended in a great sheaf of fibres
and films spread out like a partly opened fan whose edge was only about
50 degrees above the northern horizon. Its length as it passed overhead
lay between a point a little east of south to a little west of north;
and the broad band moved as a whole, without any marked internal
changes, from the south-west towards the north-east. The weather was
very unsettled. A long procession of cyclones had been sweeping along
our western shores, and the barometer was just beginning a fresh and
rapid fall. During the ensuing night a heavy gale burst over the south
of England.
[Illustration: Plate 12.
BAND CIRRUS.
(_Cirrus Vittatus._)]
[Illustration: Plate 13.
BAND CIRRUS.
(_Cirrus Vittatus._)]
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