It was to meet this want of a common tongue that Luke Howard, in 1803,
proposed his scheme of cloud names. He recognized three main types of
cloud architecture, which he named Cirrus, Stratus, and Cumulus. Cirrus
included all forms which are built up of delicate threads, like the
fibres in a fragment of wool; Stratus was applied to all clouds which
lie in level sheets; and Cumulus was the lumpy form.
By combinations of these terms other clouds were described. Thus, a
quantity of cirrus arranged in a sheet was called cirro-stratus, while
high, thin clouds like cirrus, but made up of detached rounded balls,
was cirro-cumulus. Many cumulus clouds, arranged in a sheet with little
space between them, became cumulo-stratus, while the great clouds from
which our heavy rains descend partake, to some extent, of all three
types, and were therefore distinguished by a special name--Nimbus.
This system had much to recommend it. The three fundamental types
were obvious to all. Their names were descriptive, and were derived
from a dead language, so that no living international jealousies were
raised. It was sufficiently detailed to serve the purposes of the time,
when accurate observation was in its infancy. Hence it was universally
adopted, and will pretty certainly hold its own as the broad basis upon
which any more detailed system must necessarily rest.
It has done excellent service; but although observation of clouds in
a general way is far from complete, attention is now being given to
much smaller details and much more minute differences of form, and our
vocabulary must be amplified. Precision of description is the first
essential of a satisfactory system, and the question is, what sort of
edifice can we build on Luke Howard’s foundation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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