COMMERCIAL VARIETIES OF COFFEE 15 SECTION V. CHEMICAL ANALYSES 20 SECTION VI. COFFEE-LEAF TEA, &C. 27 SECTION VII. ADULTERANTS (_with an illustration_) 29 SECTION VIII. CULTURE IN THE WEST INDIES AND AMERICA 34 SECTION IX. CULTURE IN ARABIA 42 SECTION X. CULTIVATION IN CEYLON (_with an illustration_) 45 SECTION XI. BUILDINGS, PLANTING, &C., IN CEYLON (_with four illustrations_) 52 SECTION XII. HARVESTING THE CROP, AND PREPARATION FOR MARKET (_with an illustration_) 59 SECTION XIII. PREPARATION FOR MARKET, CONTINUED 63 SECTION XIV. CULTIVATION IN SOUTHERN INDIA 73 SECTION XV. BOURBON, JAVA, AND THE EAST 78 SECTION XVI. COFFEE AS A BEVERAGE 81 CHICORY. SECTION I. INTRODUCTION INTO ENGLAND. CONTINENTAL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION 88 SECTION II. CULTIVATION. HARVESTING AND PREPARATION FOR MARKET 93 SECTION III. STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (_with an illustration_) 98 COFFEE AND CHICORY. COFFEE. SECTION I. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. The coffee-tree--_Coffea arabica_, Linn.--is a plant belonging to the natural order _Cinchonaceæ_. It is a large erect bush, quite smooth in every part; leaves oblong lanceolate, acuminate, shining on the upper side, wavy, deep green above, paler below; stipules subulate, undivided. Peduncles axillary, short, clustered; corollas white, funnel-shaped, sweet-scented, with four or five oblong-spreading twisted lobes. Fruit a compressed drupe, furrowed along the side, crowned by the calyx. Seeds solitary, plano-convex, with a deep furrow along the flat side. Putamen like parchment. The generic name given to the plant by Linnæus was taken, it is said, from Coffee, a province of Narea, in Africa where it grows in abundance. Plate 1 represents a branch of the coffee-tree in blossom and fruit, and the lettered figures at the foot have reference to the dissection of the flower and fruit. A--The flower, cut open, to show the situation of the five filaments, with their summits lying upon them. B--Represents the flower cup, with its four small indentations enclosing the germ or embryo seed-vessel, from the middle of which arises the style, terminated by the two reflexed spongy tops. C--The fruit entire, marked at the top with a puncture like a navel. D--The fruit open, to show that it consists ordinarily of two seeds, which are surrounded by the pulp.