the horizon of the educated lay public, by being interned in some inaccessible specialised scientific journal. The psychological events that accompany the present war--the incredible brutalisation of public opinion, the epidemic of mutual calumnies, the unsuspected mania for destruction, the unexampled flood of mendacity, and man's incapacity to arrest the bloody demon--are they not, one and all, better adapted than anything else, to force obtrusively the problem of the chaotic unconscious--which slumbers uneasily beneath the ordered world of consciousness,--before the eyes of every thinking individual? This war has inexorably shown to the man of culture that he is still a barbarian. It testifies also what an iron scourge awaits him, if ever again it should occur to him to make his neighbour responsible for his own bad qualities. The psychology of the individual corresponds to the psychology of nations. What nations do, each individual does also, and as long as the individual does it, the nation will do it too. A metamorphosis in the attitude of the individual is the only possible beginning of a transformation in the psychology of the nation. The great problems of humanity have never been solved by universal laws, but always and only by a remodelling of the attitude of the individual. If ever there was a time when self-examination was the absolutely indispensable and the only right thing, it is now, in the present catastrophic epoch. But he who bethinks himself about his own being strikes against the confines of the unconscious, which indeed contains precisely that which it is most needful for him to know. C. G. JUNG. KÜSNACHT-ZÜRICH, _March, 1917_. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 194: First Edition, 1908 = Part I. (unaltered); Second Edition, 1914 = Part II. Translator, M. D. Eder.] [Footnote 195: "The Psychology of Dementia Præcox," translated by Brill and Peterson, _Monograph Series of the Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases_, New York.] [Footnote 196: Bresler, "Kulturhistorischer Beitrag zur Hysterie." _Allg. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie_, Bd. LIII., p. 333. Zündel, "Biographie Blumhardts."] [Footnote 197: Central Asylum and University Psychiatric Clinic in Zürich.] [Footnote 198: In psychiatry "inadequate" is employed to denote disproportion between feeling and idea whether in excess or the reverse.] [Footnote 199: I am indebted for this example to my colleague Dr. Abraham of Berlin.] [Footnote 200: As one might say in England, "a Bond Street dressmaker."] [Footnote 201: This is an addition to the second edition, 1914.] [Footnote 202: "The Psychology of Dementia Præcox."] [Footnote 203: _Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische Forschung_, vol. III. pp. 9 and 558.] [Footnote 204: Comp. also Ferenczi: "Über die Rolle der Homosexualität in der Pathogenese der Paranoia," _Jahrb._, III., p. 101.] [Footnote 205: Maeder: "Psychologische Untersuchungen an Dementia præcox Kranken," _Jahrbuch f. psychoanalyt. Forsch._, II., p. 185.]