For warming or cooking the gelatine solutions tin vessels are the handiest, as they easily conduct the heat and are unbreakable. Although the chromated gelatine may remain in them for a short period without harm, it is not advisable to allow it to do so for any length of time, but to remove the solution and wash the vessel thoroughly with hot water, and at once carefully dry, otherwise they will soon corrode, and contaminate the gelatine solutions. The best utensils to use are wide-mouthed shallow jugs, as they are easily kept clean, and in them the chromated gelatine solution keeps well, and with their use no fear of decomposition need be entertained. =Filtering= the gelatine solutions is a somewhat troublesome matter, and should be effected at a high temperature and as quickly as possible. The simplest method is to procure a piece of perfectly clean flannel of suitable size, thoroughly moisten it, and insert into a brass ring, which is provided on the outside with small barbel hooks, to which the flannel is fixed, as in the retinaculum of the chemist. The ring is provided with a clip and handle, by the former of which it may be attached to a vessel of almost any size, and the latter is a convenience in holding it over plates to which the gelatine has to be applied. A careful filtering is obviously essential to the production of clean plates. Many complicated filtering appliances have been devised for gelatine and other solutions difficult of filtration, as, for instance, those of albumen or gum. Baron Szretter describes in the “Photographische Correspondenz,” 1878, an apparatus constructed by him. It consists of two vessels, an upper and a lower one, which by means of longer or shorter tubes communicate with each other in accordance to the stronger or weaker pressure required by the liquid to be filtered. Soldered round the upper rim of the lower vessel is a ring of sheet brass, about two to three cm. in width; over this ring the filter paper is placed, which again is covered with a piece of strong felt enveloped in flannel. To prevent the liquid escaping round the sides of the ring a strong iron ring is applied, which by means of a screw presses against the felt so that no space exists between the ring and the paper. To prevent the pressure of the liquid forcing the felt out of position, and so tearing the paper, a metal wire gauge is used to keep the felt in place. The liquid placed in the upper vessel passes through the tube into the lower vessel through the paper and felt layer. When it is necessary to warm the solution to be filtered, as in the case of gelatine, the whole apparatus is covered with an outer covering, and on the other side a pipe is applied for the purpose of effecting a circulation of the heated liquid, which is thus kept constantly rising through the one pipe and returning through the other.[F] Heat is sustained at an even temperature during the whole operation by means of a small lamp.