[6] This encounter probably took place somewhere in the southeastern corner of the San Joaquin V. It was in the foothills, not near Buenavista L. or as far north as the Kern R., since neither the lake nor the river are mentioned. The entire passage is obscure and the translation has to be very free. [7] Here apparently Palomares is talking to the chief Quipagui, who has either been defeated in the skirmish or who has consented to negotiate. [8] Cutter (MS, p. 147) thinks this may have been Grapevine Canyon and Pass. There is no evidence one way or another. [9] The party stayed at San Fernando until November 10th, when they started out again. This time they went eastward into the Mojave Desert and the area of Cajon Pass. Hence the account from this point on concerns southern California rather than the San Joaquin V. It is probable that in the account just rendered Palomares describes encounters with mountain, rather than valley, tribes. Hence Quipagui and his cohorts were more likely Shoshonean (Kitanemuk? Alliklik?) than Yokuts. Indeed, it is not certain that Palomares ever actually reached the floor of the valley. CHAPTER V (pp. 258-266) [1] The route ran from Mission San José to Suñol, Dublin, Walnut Creek, and to the northeast edge of the plain between Martinez and Port Chicago. Viader's leagues are short. By modern road--which follows very close to the old horse trail--the distance is close to 38 mi. Viader allows a total of 18 leagues for the two days, or an average of 2.1 mi. per league. [2] At or near Antioch, as is indicated by the 7 leagues covered before lunch. The large oak forest (inhabited by the Tulpunes--or rather Julpunes) extends from just east of Antioch to the vicinity of Brentwood. The halt for the night was near Oakley. [3] From Oakley to Bethany, the site of Pescadero and the home of the Bolbones, is 21 mi., which agrees with Viader's estimate of 10 leagues. The lakes mentioned have long since vanished. [4] According to the distances given, Tomchom was north of Tracy, and Cuyens was on the left bank of the river about 3 mi. above the highway bridge. Aupemis was passed before Tomchom was reached and hence cannot be identical with Pitemis as Schenck (1926, p. 141) assumes. With respect to the journey from Pescadero (Bethany) to San Luis Gonzaga it should be noted that, if one applies Viader's value of 2.1 mi. per league, the distances reconcile very exactly. [5] About 2 mi. north-northeast of Vernalis. [6] On the right bank of the river east of Vernalis. [7] About 2 mi. southeast of Grayson. The skirmish described represents one of the earliest recorded armed conflicts between the Spaniards and the valley natives. It is clear that from this time forward expeditions of the white man into the interior could no longer preserve the semblance of altruism or religious motivation. [8] Probably east of Patterson. [9] Orestimba Cr., east of Crows Landing.