Produced by Digital & Multimedia Center, Michigan State University Libraries, Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Sankar Viswanathan, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net "COLONY,"--OR "FREE STATE"? "DEPENDENCE,"--OR "JUST CONNECTION"? "EMPIRE,"--OR "UNION"? An Essay Based on the Political Philosophy of the American Revolution, as Summarized in the Declaration of Independence, towards the Ascertainment of the Nature of the Political Relationship Between the American Union and Its Annexed Insular Regions. AND THE QUESTION OF TERMINOLOGY An Address Containing the Substance of the Foregoing Essay, with some Additions, Delivered before the Section for the Study of the Government of Dependencies, of the American Political Science Association, at the Meeting held at Providence, December 29, 1906 By ALPHEUS H. SNOW WASHINGTON 1907 "COLONY,"--OR "FREE STATE"? "DEPENDENCE,"--OR "JUST CONNECTION"? "EMPIRE,"--OR "UNION"? From the time of the acquisition of Porto Rico and the Philippines, in 1898, under a Treaty with Spain which left indefinite the relations between the American Union and those regions, the question of the nature of this relationship has been discussed. The Republican party, which has been in power ever since the war, has justified its acts on the ground of political necessity. Its policy has been that of giving the people of the Islands good administration, just treatment, and all practicable self-government. The Democratic party has declared such a policy to be only imperialism and colonialism under another name. It has asserted that "no nation can endure half Republic and half Empire" and has "warned the American people that imperialism abroad will lead quickly and inevitably to despotism at home." It has characterized the Republican government in the Insular regions as an "indefinite, irresponsible, discretionary and vague absolutism," and Republican policy as a policy of "colonial exploitation." That the American people have believed the Republican administration to have been good and beneficent, is shown by their retaining that party in power. But it is perhaps not too much to say that nearly all thoughtful persons realize that some part of the Democratic complaint is just, and that there is at the present time a lack of policy toward the Insular regions, due to the inability of either of the political parties, or the Government, or the students and doctors of political science, to propound a theory of a just political relationship between us and our Insular brethren which will meet with general approbation.