Colour Measurement and MixtureAbney, William de Wiveleslie, Sir
Science
Colour Measurement and Mixture
Abney, William de Wiveleslie, Sir
Color
We can test the truth of this argument in a very simple way. If we add
to the colour with which the match has to be made a small quantity of
white light from the reflected beam, cutting off more or less by the
rotating sectors, we can get the exact hue of the impure blue-green made
by the mixture of the colours coming through the two slits; and further
we shall find that the amount of white added corresponds with the amount
of red which would be required when the components of the white light in
the terms of the three colours are taken into account. For spectrum
colours between the violet and the green it may therefore safely be said
that no match can be effected by the mixture of violet and green light;
but that it always gives the intermediate colour diluted with white
light. For colours between the green and the red of the spectrum, a very
close, if indeed not an exact match, can be made with the red and green
slits, without the addition of white.
If we take from the second apparatus light from above the position of
the violet slit in the first apparatus, that is, nearer the limit of
visibility, it will be found that a match is made, for at all events a
very considerable way with the violet slit alone, by merely reducing the
aperture, thus showing that the colour is the same, only less intense.
In the same way it will be seen that the rays coming from any point
between the lower limit of the spectrum to a little below the C line are
identical in colour.
As we have arrived at the fact that in colour mixtures of violet and
green, white light is to be found in the colour produced, it follows
that either the violet or the green, or both, must themselves contain
some small proportion of white. It might perhaps be said that violet is
really a mixture of red and blue, and hence the white in the mixture
with the green; but if in the first apparatus we place one slit in the
purest blue we can find, and the other in the red, and throw a violet
patch on the screen from the second apparatus, we shall be unable to
form the same hue of violet by any means; it will always be diluted with
white. Now as the very blue we are using, if matched as above by green
and violet, requires white light to be added to it, and as to match the
violet with the same blue and red, white light has also to be added to
it, it follows that the violet must be freer from white light at all
events than the blue.
There is one other experiment that must be mentioned before leaving for
a time this part of our subject, viz. the formation of white by a
mixture of yellow and blue. If one of the slits be placed in the yellow
of the spectrum, a position will be found in the blue where, if a second
slit be placed, and the apertures are adjusted, an absolute match with
the reflected white of the apparatus can be secured. This experiment
will be referred to later on, when considering the question of primary
colours.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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