Colter's Hell and Jackson's Hole: The Fur Trappers' Exploration of the Yellowstone and Grand Teton Park RegionMattes, Merrill J.
History
Colter's Hell and Jackson's Hole: The Fur Trappers' Exploration of the Yellowstone and Grand Teton Park Region
Mattes, Merrill J.
Grand Teton National Park (Wyo.); Yellowstone National Park
In September of 1889, Tazewell Woody (Theodore Roosevelt’s hunting
guide), John H. Dewing (also a hunting guide) and I, found on the left
side of Coulter Creek, some fifty feet from the water and about three
quarters of a mile above the creek’s mouth, a large pine tree on which
was a deeply indented blaze, which after being cleared of sap and
loose bark was found to consist of a cross thus ‘X’ (some five inches
in height), and, under it, the initials ‘J C’ (each some four inches
in height).
The blaze appeared to these trained hunting guides, so they stated to
me, to be approximately eighty years old.
They refused to fell the tree and so obtain the exact age of the blaze
because they said they guessed the blaze had been made by Colter
himself.
The find was reported to the Government authorities, and the tree was
cut down by them in 1889 or 1890, in order that the blazed section
might be installed in a museum, but as I was told in the autumn of
1890 by the then superintendent of the Yellowstone Park, the blazed
section had been lost in transit.
The second reputed Colter relic, which has survived, is the so-called
“Colter Stone” which is now exhibited by the National Park Service in
its new Fur Trade Museum at the Moose Visitor Center, Grand Teton
National Park. This is a piece of rhyolite hand-carved roughly in the
shape of a human head, with the inscribed lettering “John Colter 1808.”
This specimen was dug up in 1931 by William Beard and son while clearing
timber on their farm about five miles east of Tetonia, Idaho, just
within the Wyoming state line. In 1933 Aubrey Lyon, a neighbor, obtained
the “stone head” in trade for a pair of riding boots, and presented it
to park officials.
[Illustration: Colter’s Hell today (with Superintendent Lon Garrison and
wife).
Photo by Author]
Although the natural tendency to view such finds with skepticism may be
respected here, several factors lend plausibility. Members of the Beard
family had no knowledge of John Colter. In 1931 the Colter story had not
been well researched, and the version then was largely confined to the
year 1807; yet if Colter made winter camp in the Teton Basin, and left a
record to help while away the time, this would logically occur early in
1808. The stone itself yields no conclusive evidence on the basis of
wear or patination; but some geologists agree that 125 years of
weathering and soil acidity could have elapsed between the initial
carving and time of discovery. At least the Colter Stone is a great
historical conversation piece!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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