The source of all Zuñi authority, sacred or profane [and of
all other Pueblos as well?] lies in certain priesthoods, and
since these receive their origin, venerability, permanence,
and even name from the _ettowe_ (fetishes) with which they are
associated, the depth to which these fetishes underlie all Zuñi
life becomes apparent.
The fetishes are preserved in certain houses and are normally kept
in jars of special design, fed at appointed times, but handled and
exposed only on occasions of extreme ritualistic importance. The true
understanding of Zuñi life other than its purely practical operations
can be had only as we centre it about the _ettowe_.
When a family abandons a house, the room where the _ettowe_ usually lies
is kept in repair, and its priests continue to go in _watto_ (to pray)
there.[147] Each clan possesses its _ettowe_, and probably each set of
priests is more or less clan-associated.
Around these priesthoods, fraternities, clan-organization, as
well as most esoteric thinking and sacred tradition, group
themselves, while in turn _kivas_, dances, and acts of public
worship can be construed as but the outward means of expression
of inward activities that radiate around the nucleus of the
physical fetishes and the ideas attached to them.[148]
The visitor to any particular pueblo, if forearmed with some such general
ideas of its policy, will assuredly gain a little better understanding
of even the superficial occupations that he may chance to observe. We
were consequently keen to learn how many of the old customs survive in
this conservative community of Ácoma. It was not difficult to realize
the deeply intimate family relationship of three generations of women of
the Eagle clan with whom we associated. We also visited a more modern
house of the Sun clan and we got some confirmatory impressions of many of
the civil functions of its male population. In Ácoma, then, as in most
Pueblo settlements, the family life is a mutually supporting partnership.
Everything within the house belongs to the woman, even if brought there
by her husband. Although the man goes forth to the hunt, once he has laid
within the threshold a rabbit or a deer, he may not thereafter touch it
if his wife objects, and all domestic animals, like sheep and chickens,
belong to her and may not be sold without her permission. However, the
man has his own prerogatives. To the man belong his blankets and his
weapons, his horses and burros, his farm implements and all other tools.
The right to hold office in the pueblo, to attain to priesthood in the
fraternities, and to frequent the _kivas_ (ceremonial chambers) are
alone open to the men. From this fact it is evident that in spite of
this semblance of a matriarchate the women have no voice in government.
Further, it is true that so long as a man is a legitimate member of a
household he is ruler of its affairs. The curious anomaly is seen (at
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account