[5] “They” (the Sedentary Indians of New Mexico) “live some of them in the identical houses their forefathers occupied at the time of Coronado’s expedition (1541-2) as at Ácoma, Jémez and Taos, and although their plan and mode of life have changed in some respects in the interval, it is not unlikely that they remain to this day a fair example of the life of the Village Indians from Zuñi to Cuzco as it existed in the 16th century.”—Lewis H. Morgan, _Houses and House-life of the American Aborigines_, in Vol. IV, U. S. Geological Survey, _Contributions to American Ethnology_. See Appendix I. [6] An _estado_ is 5 feet, 7 inches—about the height of an average man. [7] W. W. H. Davis, in his history of New Mexico, says ten acres in area—which must be either a slip or a misprint. [8] George Wharton James, _Land of the Delight Makers_. [9] Descriptions of Ácoma are in Bancroft, _Native Races_, Vol. IV, pp. 365, 366; Lummis, _The California Magazine_, January, 1892. Other references may be found in the bibliography, under Engelhardt, Hodge, Lummis, James, and Prince. [10] For Ácoma,—George Wharton James, _The Land of the Delight Makers_. [11] Called _piki_ in Hopi, and _hewe_ in Zuñi. [12] According to Lummis, another reservoir on the southern mesa is reached by a toilful path up and down the craggy slope. We did not see this. [13] Mt. Taylor, 11,389 feet high. At Ácoma it is called _Spi-nat_. [14] Or else from twenty miles to the west from “the great frowning pine-fringed Mesa Prieta at whose feet lies the beautiful Vale of Cebollita.”—Hodge, _Land of Sunshine_, November, 1897. [15] _Land of Sunshine_, Vol. 15, 1901, p. 320. The article is supplied with illustrations. [16] Shelley, _Daemon of the World_. [17] Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_; also, _Notes to Benavides Memorial_. Lummis, _Poco Tiempo_; _Spanish Pioneers_. [18] Goddard says Coronado’s Ácoma was partly burned in 1599 but that the village was not destroyed in the revolt of 1680, and therefore the walls now in use may be the same as those seen in 1540, partly rebuilt and repaired from time to time. _Handbook—Indians of the Southwest_, p. 73. A writer in _El Palacio_ for August, 1918, mentions a tradition that Ácoma has the only church that survived the rebellion of 1680, but says that authorities do not agree upon this and that Hodge declares no trace of the old edifice remains except the carved beams found in one of the houses of Middle Row. It would seem as if the letter of the commanding Spanish officer should clear away all confusion about this building. [19] A fuller account may be read in _El Palacio_ for January 1, 1925. [20] An interesting article, _Painting the Town Red_, by Professor C. F. Crane, showing the relation of the color scarlet or some shade of red to burial wrappings and ceremonials, may be found in the _Scientific Monthly_ for June, 1924. On pp. 612, 613, the author cites instances among the Sioux tribes in the eighteenth century. [21]