[199] Paul Radin, _Religion of North American Indians_, _Anthropology in North America_. [200] Clark Wissler, _The American Indian_. [201] Charles Alexander Eastman, _The Soul of an Indian, An Interpretation_. [202] H. B. Alexander, Introduction to _North American_, in _Mythology of all Races_, Vol. I, p. xvi. [203] One of the most careful and interesting accounts of the dual worship of the sun and of the Christian God is in U. S. Geological Survey, _Contributions to Ethnology_, Vol. IV, pp. 151, 152, by Lewis H. Morgan, who had all his information from native men. [204] “The conception of deities is quite clearly due to shamanistic systematization.... It is very rare to find any belief in a single supreme deity; when it does occur it is a thoroughly shamanistic construction out of some popular belief.”—Franz Boas, _Mythology and Folk-Lore of North American Indians_, _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, Vol. XVII, 1914. See Appendix X. [205] _Second Annual Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology, p. 11. [206] “The most highly developed priesthood north of Mexico is among the Pueblos of New Mexico and Arizona where it controls the civil and military branches of the tribe, transforming it into a theocratic oligarchy.”—Swanton, _Handbook of American Indians_, Pt. II, p. 523. [207] Frazer, _The Golden Bough_ (abridged edition, 1922), pp. 61-80. [208] Kroeber, _Anthropology_, p. 368. [209] The placing of “symbolic objects so that they convey the wishes of the worshipper to the Powers,” is found only among the Pueblos (Franz Boas, _Mythology and Folk-Tales, Journal of American Folk-Lore_, Vol. XVII). [210] See Appendix XI. [211] Cushing, Fewkes, _et al._, _Second Annual Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology. See Appendix XII. [212] One of the finest petroglyphs as yet found is at Tscherige, on the north side of the Pajarito Plateau. It is the plumed serpent, seven feet long, etched on the rock by a stone tool. [213] Brinton has an interesting passage on this subject in his _Myths of the New World_. [214] H. K. Haeberlein, _The Idea of Fertilization in Pueblos, Memoirs of the Anthropological Association_. [215] Pliny E. Goddard, _The Masked Dancers of the Apache_. [216] Brinton, _Myths of the New World_, Chapter V; Fynn, _The American Indian as a Product of Environment_, pp. 186-188. [217] Mrs. Zelia Nuttall, _Old and New World Civilizations_. See Appendix XIII. [218] The _Shiwanna_ are masked dancers representing cloud spirits or rain-makers. The oldest of all esoteric fraternities. [219] Father Noël Dumarest, _Notes on Cochití_, translated and edited by Elsie Clews Parsons in _Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association_, Vol. VI, 1920. [220] Dumarest, pp. 164, 165. [221] A. M. Espinosa, articles on Witchcraft in _New Mexican Spanish Folk-Lore, Journal of American Folk-Lore_, Vol. XXIII, 1910, and Vol. XXIX, 1916. [222] _Eleventh Annual Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology, p. 73.