[238] Fewkes says that, while it is as yet impossible to determine the priority of Tusayán or Keresan snake dances, he is positive that the songs and incantations are more ancient than other elements of that ceremonial. “Legends say that the Snake dance is the Cult of the oldest people of Tusayán”; which means, among other things, “that the original Tusayán Cult has kinship with that of the Keresan, the oldest of the linguistic stocks of the pueblos.”—_Comparison of Sía and Tusayán Ceremonials, American Anthropologist_, Vol. VIII, April, 1892, p. 132. [239] Best description in G. W. James, New Mexico, _Land of Delight Makers_. [240] The officiating priest lives at Laguna, and goes to Ácoma only for the Feast of St. Stephen and on All Souls’ Day; but he is at the farm-colony of Acomita twice every month. [241] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, Vol. XXXI. Apparently a somewhat movable _fiesta_, always announced four days in advance by the Saint’s Crier. He also calls out that now it is time to bring in the wood. A portion of whatever is cooked that day is thrown on the house fire for _ahappa awan tewa_ (“the dead their day”). These words, by the way, are Zuñi in origin. [242] _Ibid._, Vol. XXII. [243] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, Vol. XXXI. [244] This dance and ceremony are fully described by Dr. Elsie Clews Parsons, in _American Anthropologist_, Vol. XX, N.S., 1918. [245] _American Anthropologist_, Vol. XX, N. S., 1918. [246] Stevenson, _Eleventh Annual Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 14, 67. [247] Stewart Culin in _Twenty-fourth Annual Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology, 1902-03. [248] Culin, pp. 119-124. [249] Hodge, _American Anthropologist_, Vol. III, 1890. Owens, _Popular Science Monthly_, Vol. XXXIX, 1891. Stevenson, _American Anthropologist_, n.s., Vol. V, 1903. [250] _The Gallo Race_, in Lummis, _A New Mexican David_. [251] John G. Owens writes that on the banks of the Zuñi River “you will behold a sight which for genuine mirth and romp will surpass any Eastern park for children. The stream less than ten feet wide winds through a sandy river-bed, which is the chief playground of the Zuñi child.” This spirit of play stays with the boys in later life but the girls age very rapidly—“the transition is from joyous frolicsome girlhood to sedate sober womanhood” after they are 13 to 14 years old. (_Popular Science Monthly_, Vol. XXXIX, 1891.) [252] _American Anthropologist_, Vol. V, n.s., 1903. [253] Culin, _Twenty-fourth Annual Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology. [254] Bandelier, _Final Report_, Pt. I, p. 295. [255] Clark Wissler, _The American Indian_, p. 68. [256] W. H. Holmes, _Fourth Annual Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology, 1882-83. [257] H. W. Henshaw, _Second Annual Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology, p. 124.