The age-long mistrust of the white men at Ácoma had apparently reached
a critical moment at the time of our second visit. The _hócheni_ (war
captain) was in full authority and the kindly host of our first visit
was helpless to make our stay rewardful. Apparently they were the only
men still on the Crag and they were not in agreement about the reception
to be given visitors. Consequently we could see nothing new, and I was
even warned not to make notes within sight of the _hócheni_. The number
and position of the _kivas_ (ceremonial chambers)[27] were details about
which we were especially keen to learn, but, alas, we were entirely
baffled. I must therefore resort to a statement of Dr. Elsie Clews
Parsons that at Ácoma there are two _estufas_ (Spanish for stoves), which
she calls, “A, east end, north side of Middle Row, and B, west end of
North Row.” It is altogether probable that Ácoma does not greatly differ
from other pueblos, either in its arrangement or its use of ceremonial
chambers. Hence I venture to describe them as given elsewhere, and apply
this knowledge inferentially to Ácoma.
The number of _kivas_ in the pueblos is very variable, and because at
Ácoma they are almost necessarily embodied in the community house-block,
instead of being isolated structures as is true of most villages, we have
no visible token of their positions. Bandelier says[28] that in his time
there were six at Ácoma, but Dr. Parsons found no one willing to tell her
either the names or number of them in her visits there in 1917 and 1918.
Though we never discovered the Ácoma _kivas_, at Walpi, where no
ceremonial was in progress, we were allowed freely to enter those of the
Antelope and of the Snake Clan. The sacred chamber was in each case a
simple, unadorned room, with a bare hearth, its entrance ladder resting
on a low platform. There were niches in the walls for ceremonial objects,
and hanging from nails or poles were some undistinguishable small
ornaments and a few masks.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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