Oñate was accompanied by three others whose names and fortunes are
fitted to thrill those to whom the real human hero is a figure more
full of true romance than the characters of fiction. These were the two
nephews of Oñate, Juan de Zaldívar, _maestro de Campo_; Vicente Zaldívar,
_sarjento-mayor_; and Captain Gaspar de Villagrá, _procurador-general_.
Villagrá proved himself not only valiant in arms but a poet of no mean
rank. Eleven years after the event, Villagrá published in Seville a
rhymed account of the whole of the first Oñate expedition. When Bancroft
consulted it in 1877, as a mere literary curiosity, he found instead “A
complete narrative of remarkable historic accuracy ...” and he adds, “Of
all the territories of America, New Mexico alone may point to a poem as
the original authority for its early annals.”
[Illustration: FACSIMILE OF TITLE-PAGE OF VILLAGRÁ’S RHYMED HISTORY OF
NEW MEXICO]
Don Gaspar begins his epic in true Virgilian manner:
Of arms I sing and of the man heroic:
The being, valor, prudence, and high effort
Of him whose endless, never-tiring patience
Over an ocean of annoyance stretching
Despite the fangs of foul, envenomed envy
Brave deeds of prowess ever is achieving:
Of those brave men of Spain, conquistadores
Who, in the Western India nobly striving
And searching out all of the world yet hidden
Still onward press their glorious achievements
By their strong arms and deeds of daring valor
In strife of arms and hardships as enduring
As, with rude pen, worthy of being honored.[52]
Bancroft regrets that the petition and contract granted to Oñate by the
viceroy Velasco were unattainable.[53] Since his writing they have been
discovered.[54] His contract to colonize New Mexico was made in 1595.
Oñate agreed to supply at his own cost not only two hundred men, but all
their equipment, and the live-stock, merchandise, and provisions for the
support of the colony for a year. They started forth with eighty-three
wagons, seven thousand head of stock, and one hundred and thirty
persons. In return for this, besides emoluments of land and titles,
free from crown taxation, Oñate was to be governor, _adelantado_, and
captain-general of the province. He asked the government also for the
support of six friars with proper church furnishings, and likewise full
instructions concerning the conversion of the Indians, and the tributes
he had the right to exact from them.
A change of viceroys brought about most annoying delays—even a leisurely
investigation into Oñate’s fitness for the task. There seem to have been
no limits to the official obstacles put in his path, including false
calumnies whose refutation was not easily established. But, according to
Villagrá,[55] the general never for one moment dreamed of relinquishing
his enterprise.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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