Comet Lore: Halley's Comet in History and AstronomyEmerson, Edwin
History
Comet Lore: Halley's Comet in History and Astronomy
Emerson, Edwin
Comets; Halley's comet
The entire mass of sawdust still weighs one pound; but its surface has
been vastly enlarged. Indeed, the particles of sawdust, individually
considered, may be said to consist of much surface and very little
weight. If it were possible to take each granule of visible sawdust
and subdivide it into invisible particles, a point would be reached
where the pressure of light would exactly counterbalance the pull of
gravitation, so that the particles would remain suspended in space,
perfectly balanced in the scale of opposing cosmic forces.
Finally, if the subdivision be continued beyond this critical point,
the particles will be wrenched away from the grip of gravitation and
hurled out into space by the pressure of light.
So much has been discovered about the particles that compose a Comet’s
tail that the more progressive scientists of our day have accepted this
ingenious theory. Thus it has been decided by them that the delicate
tresses of a Comet are to a large extent composed of fine particles of
dust and soot.
[Illustration: June 26.]
[Illustration: June 28.]
[Illustration: June 30.]
[Illustration: July 1.]
[Illustration: July 6.]
[Illustration: July 8. CHANGES IN THE COMET OF 1863.]
Before we can completely accept the view that light-pressure forms
this train of soot we must ascertain whether the pressure of light is
capable of accounting for the flash-like rapidity with which a Comet’s
tail changes.
A Comet may throw out a tail sixty million miles long in two days. Is
it actually possible for light-pressure to accomplish that astonishing
feat? Arrhenius has computed that 865,000 miles an hour is the speed
of a light-flung particle of one-half the critical diameter. Because
they are only one-eighteenth as large as this particle of critical
diameter, the dust grains in a Comet’s tail would be propelled over the
same 865,000 miles in less than four minutes. It follows that the solar
radiation is amply strong enough to toss out a tail of sixty million
miles in two days.
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