Commentary on Genesis, Vol. 1: Luther on the CreationLuther, Martin
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Commentary on Genesis, Vol. 1: Luther on the Creation
Luther, Martin
Bible. Genesis -- Commentaries
The expression "For seasons" claims particular attention. The term in
the Hebrew is LEMOEDIM; and MOED signifies "a stated, fixed, certain
time." Hence it is a term commonly used in the Scriptures to signify
"a tabernacle of covenant;" because there certain feasts were
accustomed to be held in a certain place and time according to certain
rites. Therefore it is that Moses describes the sun and the moon as
being created "For seasons;" not only because the seasons are ruled
and evidently changed by the course of the sun; for we see that most
inferior bodies are changed by the access and recess of the sun; and
the quality of the air according to which our own bodies are also
changed is of one kind in the winter, of another in the summer, of
another in the autumn and of another in the spring; but because we
observe other differences and distinctions of times and seasons in
civil life, all which are derived from the motions and revolutions of
these heavenly bodies. Hence at a certain time of the year men make
their contracts for building houses, hire their servants and their
services, and collect taxes, debts and rents, etc. All these are
services rendered us and blessings bestowed upon us by the sun and the
moon, that we may by their laws and revolutions divide the times and
seasons for the various labors of man and enjoy many other blessings
which they confer. It is by them that we divide and number our weeks,
months, quarters, etc., etc.
The next expression, "For days," refers to the natural day, during
which the sun performs his revolution round the earth. Our being
enabled therefore to number days and also years, are blessings of the
creation and are thus ordained of God. Wherefore philosophers define
time to be "an enumeration of motions," which numbering could have no
existence if the heavenly bodies did not move by a sure and fixed law.
If they all stood fixed in a certain place without motion, numbering
could have neither commencement nor regulation. And where there is no
numbering of days, months, years, etc., there is no time. Hence a man
in a sound sleep, being destitute of all sense of number and of all
faculty of enumeration, knows not how long he sleeps.
In a like manner, though we can in a measure recollect our infancy,
yet we are not conscious of the fact of having sucked the breasts of
our mothers; and yet we then had natural life. The reason is that we
were deficient in the sense of number and the power of annumeration.
For this same reason beasts know nothing of time; just as infants have
no such knowledge. The sense and faculty of number therefore prove man
to be a peculiar and superior creature of God on which account we find
Augustine declaring the faculty of annumeration to be an especial gift
of our nature, and proving from this very gift the immortality of the
soul; because man alone can calculate and understand time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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