Comments on the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of Some North American Marsupials, Insectivores and CarnivoresHall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond)
Science
Comments on the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of Some North American Marsupials, Insectivores and Carnivores
Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond)
Mammals -- North America
In 1823 Sabine (No. V, Zoological Appendix, p. 654, _In_ Narrative of
a journey to the shores of the Polar Sea ... xvi + 768, 30 pls., 4
maps, 1823, London, by John Franklin) applied the name _Canis
Lupus-Griseus_ to the gray wolf in the vicinity of Cumberland House,
Saskatchewan. On the following page (p. 655) he employed the name
_Canis Lupus-Albus_ for a white wolf obtained at Fort Enterprise,
Northwest Territories. In 1937 Goldman (Jour. Mamm., 18(1):45,
February 14) did not consider the wolves of the Cumberland House
region to be sufficiently different from animals from surrounding
areas to warrant nominal separation for them and he placed the name
_Canis lupus griseus_ Sabine as a synonym of _Canis lupus
occidentalis_ Simpson. Anderson (Jour. Mamm., 24(3):386, August 17,
1943) revived Sabine's name _griseus_ and assigned to _Canis lupus
griseus_ an extensive geographic range in central Canada. Later,
Goldman (Part II, Classification of wolves, p. 395 and 424, _In_ The
Wolves of North America, American Wildlife Institute, May 29, 1944) by
implication, again arranged _griseus_ of Sabine as a synonym of _Canis
lupus occidentalis_ and pointed out (_op. cit._:395) that, in any
event, the name _griseus_ is preoccupied by _[Canis] Griseus_
Boddaert, 1784 [= _Urocyon cinereoargenteus_ (Schreber), 1775]. Still
later, Anderson (Bull. 102, Nat. Mus. Canada, p. 54, January 27, 1947)
again recognized the subspecies formerly known as _Canis lupus
griseus_ Sabine, and, because of Boddaert's prior usage of _[Canis]
griseus_, renamed the subspecies _Canis lupus knightii_. It appears,
however, that there is an earlier name available for this subspecies.
Goldman (_op. cit._, 1943:395) points out that "apparently combining
the names _Canis (Lupus) griseus_ and _Canis (Lupus) albus_ of Sabine
... as _Canis occidentalis_ var. _griseo-albus_, Baird [Mammals,
Repts. Explor. and Surv. for R. R. to Pacific Ocean, Washington, p.
104, vol. 8, (1857) July 14, 1858] seems to have entertained a
somewhat composite concept of a widely ranging race varying in color
from 'pure white to grizzled gray.' No type was mentioned and the name
does not appear to be valid or clearly assignable to the synonomy of
any particular race." We agree with Goldman that Baird's concept was a
composite one, but Baird's name, _Canis occidentalis_ var.
_griseo-albus_, was clearly based on the primary names of Sabine
(_griseus_ and _albus_), of De Kay (_occidentalis_), of Maxmillian
(_variabilis_, a synonym of _Canis lupus nubilis_) and of Townsend
(_gigas_, a synonym of _Canis lupus fuscus_). Nevertheless, the name
_griseo-albus_ was applied to, among others, the subspecies of wolf
the type locality of which is at Cumberland House, Saskatchewan, and,
by restriction, the name _Canis lupus griseoalbus_ Baird is available
for the subspecies and, of course, antedates _Canis lupus knightii_ of
Anderson (_op. cit._, 1947:54). It might be argued that Baird did not
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