=Shade-Trees and Ornamental Woods.=--A large number of trees are yearly transplanted, or else grown from seed, to be used as ornamental shade-trees. For this purpose the elm, maple, acacia ("locust"), linden ("lime"), catalpa, ash, horse-chestnut ("buckeye"), poplar, and willow are most common in ordinary temperate latitudes, both in Europe and America. In warmer latitudes the Australian eucalyptus ("red gum" and "blue gum"), magnolia, palmetto, laurel, arbutus, and tulip are common. The local trade in ornamental trees is very heavy; the trade is local for the reason that the transportation of them is very expensive. =Tropical Woods and Tree Products.=--Many of the tropical woods are in demand on account of their beautiful appearance, and in many species this quality is combined with strength and hardness. _Mahogany_ is obtained from Mexico and the Central American states, and also from the West Indies. The former is classed as "Honduras"; the latter is generally known as San Domingo mahogany and commands the highest price. _Rosewood_ is obtained from Brazil, and is used almost exclusively in piano-cases. Both are cut into thin veneers, to be glued to a less expensive body. _Ebony_ is the heart of a species of persimmon obtained mainly in Ceylon and the East Indies. Very little of the so-called ebony is genuine, most of the ebony of commerce consisting of fine-grained hardwood, stained black. _Jarrah_, an Australian wood, is now very generally used for street-paving, and for this purpose it has no superior. _Teak_ probably has no equal for strength and durability. It is not touched by the teredo and other marine worms. _Boxwood_ (_Buxus balearica_) is a high-growing tree, native to India, but growing best in the islands of the Mediterranean. The wood is very hard, of yellowish-brown color, and so fine in grain that it finds a ready market in nearly every part of the world. Probably the larger part is used by engravers. A large amount of the wood is also used in the manufacture of folding-rules, and in inlaying. Constantinople is the principal market, and nearly ten thousand tons of the selected wood are sold yearly. _Lignum vitae_, or _guaiac wood_ (_Guaiacum officinale_), grows profusely in the West Indies and along the Spanish Main. It is used both in medicine and in the arts. Shavings of the wood steeped in water were once considered a cure-all, hence the name. The wood is very hard, heavy, and is split with the greatest difficulty. It is therefore much employed in making mallet-heads, tool-handles, nine-pin balls, and pulley-blocks. In tropical countries it is employed for railway ties. West India ports are the chief markets, and the United States is the chief consumer. [Illustration: A LOG RAFT, WINONA, WIS.] [Illustration: HAULING LOGS TO THE RIVER] [Illustration: _Copyright, 1898, Detroit Photographic Co._ THE LUMBER INDUSTRY--A LOGGING STREAM, MENOMINEE, WIS.]