The _loblolly pine_ (_Pinus taeda_) has a considerably larger area than the Georgia pine, extending into Indian Territory. The _short-leaf pine_ (_Pinus echinata_) occurs in small areas from New York to the Gulf of Mexico, and across to Missouri; it is the Chattahoochee pine of Florida. The _pitch pine_ (_Pinus rigida_) occurs in various areas mainly north of the Ohio River and west of the prairies. The lumber cut annually from these pines aggregates about thirty billion feet. The common _white cedar_ (_Chamaecyparis thyoides_) occurs along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts nearly to the Mississippi. On account of its fine grain it is much used in cabinet work and as a finishing wood. _Red cedar_, probably a different species, occurs along the Atlantic coast. It is largely used in the manufacture of lead-pencils, and the forests are wellnigh exhausted. The _redwoods_ are confined to the California coast, mainly in the coast ranges, near the ocean. Ordinary redwood (_Sequoia sempervirens_) resembles red cedar, is soft, and very fine in grain, and shrinks but little in seasoning. It is a most valuable timber both for common and for ornamental use. It very frequently attains a diameter of five or six feet; the big tree sometimes exceeds sixteen feet in diameter and reaches a height of nearly four hundred feet. =Other Industrial Woods.=--The oaks, like the pines, form a nearly continuous belt across the northern continents, lying mainly south of the pines; they do not extend much south of the thirtieth parallel. The white oak of the New England plateau and Canada commands a high price on account of its strength; a considerable quantity is exported. The "quartering" of the lumber used in ornamental work is produced by sawing the logs, which have been split in quarters, so that the silver-grain shows on the faces of the boards. The bark of the oak is rich in tannic acid and it is much used in tanning leather. _Cork oak_ (_Quercus suber_) grows mainly in Spain and Algeria. _Black walnut_ (_Juglans nigra_) grows in the river-bottoms of the Mississippi Valley and in Texas. The merchantable supply is not great, and the wood is therefore growing more valuable each year. _Hickory_ is used where great strength is required, and also for various tool-handles. _Maple_ is largely employed in making furniture. _Ash_ is a very common wood for tool-handles.