Vegetable Cells and their Structure--Stellate Tissues-- Secondary Deposit--Ducts and Vessels--Wood-Cells--Stomata, or Mouths of Plants--The Camera Lucida, and Mode of Using-- Spiral and Ringed Vessels--Hairs of Plants--Resins, Scents, and Oils--Bark Cells 37 CHAPTER V Starch, its Growth and Properties--Surface Cells of Petals-- Pollen and its Functions--Seeds 63 CHAPTER VI Algæ and their Growth--Desmidiaceæ, where found--Diatoms, their Flinty Deposit--Volvox--Mould, Blight, and Mildew-- Mosses and Ferns--Mare’s-Tail and the Spores--Common Sea-weeds and their Growth 78 CHAPTER VII Antennæ, their Structure and Use--Eyes, Compound and Simple--Breathing Organs--Jaws and their Appendages--Legs, Feet, and Suckers--Digestive Organs--Wings, Scales, and Hairs--Eggs of Insects--Hair, Wool, Linen, Silk, and Cotton--Scales of Fish--Feathers--Skin and its Structure-- Epithelium--Nails, Bone, and Teeth--Blood Corpuscles and Circulation--Elastic Tissues--Muscle and Nerve 96 CHAPTER VIII Pond-Life--Apparatus and Instructions for Collecting Objects--Methods of Examination--Sponge--Infusoria 132 CHAPTER IX Fresh-water Worms--Planarians--Hydra--Polyzoa--Rotifers Chætonotus--Water-Bears 144 CHAPTER X Marine Life--Sponges--Infusoria--Foraminifera--Radiolaria-- Hydroid Zoophytes--Polyzoa--Worms--Lingual Ribbons and Gills of Mollusca--Star-Fishes and Sea-Urchins--Cuttle-Fish-- Corallines--Miscellaneous Objects 154 CHAPTER XI Hints on the Preparation of Objects--Preservative Fluids-- Mounting Media--Treatment of Special Objects 168 CHAPTER XII Section-Cutting--Staining 179 COMMON OBJECTS OF THE MICROSCOPE CHAPTER I Pleasures and Uses of Microscopy--Development of the Microscope--Extemporised Apparatus. Within the last half-century the use of the microscope, not only as an instrument of scientific research, a tool in the hands of the investigator of the finer organisation of the world of nature, nor even as an adjunct to the apparatus of the chemist or the manufacturer, but as a means of innocent and instructive recreation, has become so firmly rooted amongst us that it seems hardly necessary to advocate its claims to attention on any of these grounds. So wonderful is the information which it affords, so indispensable is it in many, if not in all, branches of scientific research, that not only would the lover of nature be deprived of one of his most valued sources of information and enjoyment, but some sciences would be brought absolutely to a standstill if by any conceivable means the microscope were to be withdrawn from their followers.