Common objects of the microscopeWood, J. G. (John George)
Science
Common objects of the microscope
Wood, J. G. (John George)
Microscopes; Microscopy
Fig. 13 is a portion of one of the commonest genera, _Sertularia_,
showing one of the inhabitants projecting its tentacles from its
domicile. Fig. 15 is the same species, given to show the egg-cells.
This, as well as other zoophytes, is generally classed among the
sea-weeds in the shops that throng all watering-places.
The form just referred to is a near relative of the Hydra, already
described, and belongs to the same great family as the sea-anemones.
One form, shown in Fig. 26, is the _Hydra Tuba_, long thought to be a
distinct animal, but now known to be the young form of a jelly-fish,
or Medusa. The Hydra Tuba throws off joints at intervals, each of
which becomes a perfect jelly-fish. One of them is shown in Fig. 27.
Fig. 28 represents a very small and pretty Medusa, the Thaumantias.
When this animal is touched or startled, each of the purple globules
round the edge flashes into light, producing a most beautiful and
singular appearance. Fig. 29 exhibits the so-called compound eye of
another species of Medusa, though it would appear that these are really
connected with the nervous system of the animal, and have to do with
the pulsating contractions of the bell by which it is propelled through
the water.
In my _Common Objects of the Sea-Shore_ the Actíniæ, or Sea-Anemones,
are treated of at some length. At Fig. 16 is shown part of a tentacle
flinging out the poison-darts by which it secures its prey; and Fig. 17
is a more magnified view of one of these darts and its case.
Much more might be said under this head, but we must pass on to another
group, which, whilst possessing a certain general resemblance to the
hydroid zoophytes, differs utterly from them in internal organisation.
We have already referred to the fresh-water polyzoa. The marine forms
are vastly more numerous, and more easily found, since not only
pieces of weed upon which they grow are to be found upon every beach,
but whole masses of leaf-like colonies, forming what is known as
horn-wrack, may be plentifully found. Instead of the tentacles armed
with sting-cells, like the anemone’s, possessed by the Hydrozoa, the
Polyzoa have arms clothed with active cilia, by which the food is swept
into the mouth, passing on into the stomach, and then through the
intestine to another opening.
Fig. 19 is a very curious zoophyte called _Anguinaria_, or snake-head,
on account of its shape, the end of the polypidom resembling the head
of the snake, and the tentacles looking like its tongue as they are
thrust forward and rapidly withdrawn. Fig. 21 is the same creature
on an enlarged scale, and just below is one of its tentacles still
more magnified. Fig. 23 is the ladies’-slipper zoophyte (_Eretea_);
and Fig. 24 is called the tobacco-pipe or shepherd’s-purse zoophyte
(_Notamia_).
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