Religious idealism is a social soul of which the church should be the embodiment. Political practicalism is a social soul of which the state should be the embodiment. Contrary to the representations of orthodox Christianism it is impossible for any soul to exist without an embodiment. In truth the body produces the soul, not the soul the body. We must have the church and state in order that we may have their souls, idealism and practicalism. Why, if the Soul can fling the Dust aside And naked on the Air of Heaven ride, Were't not a Shame--were't not a Shame for him In this clay carcass crippled to abide? --Omar. IV. The church and the state are on the same level as to their origin and importance. Both are human institutions and each is indispensable to the other. It is not at all desirable or possible to rid the world of either, but it is absolutely necessary that both should be revolutionized, the church by having its bible and creed rewritten or at least reinterpreted, on the basis of truth as it is revealed by nature, and the state by having its institutions reorganized on the basis of service to all instead of only to those of a small class, the owner or master class. All the idealistic aims of churches and all the practical undertakings of states should be directly concerned with the answer to three questions: (1) the question as to how to reach the goal where terrestrial life shall in the case of each man, woman and child be as long and happy as it is within the range of possibilities to make it, by the fullest of attainable knowledge concerning the laws of nature; (2) the question as to how to make the most successful endeavor universally to disseminate such knowledge, and (3) the question as to how resistlessly to persuade to the living of it. These are the only concerns and aims of Marxian socialism and they cannot be promoted or even avowed by Christian socialists. The great crime of the ages is the robbing of the producer of the basic necessities of human life by the non-producer. Capitalism is the robber, and the politics and religion of the old states and churches are the right and left hands by which he has been and is doing the robbing. Marxian socialism is an undertaking which has for its task the overthrow of the system which makes it possible for those who produce nothing to live surfeitingly, and renders it necessary for those who produce everything to live starvingly.