Comparative Breeding Behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritimaWoolfenden, Glen Everett
Science
Comparative Breeding Behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima
Woolfenden, Glen Everett
Sparrows
Nice (1941:457) divided territory into six categories. Type A (mating,
nesting, and feeding ground for young) is the type exhibited by the
Seaside Sparrow. The territory of a male Seaside Sparrow must contain
an area of open mud and/or sparse vegetation where food can be obtained
and also enough suitable cover to conceal the nest. I suspect in the
case of the few males studied on the marshes at Chadwick that the
territories the males established (strips of cattails and adjacent
shoreline) did not have suitable nesting cover, because these males
were unmated on June 15 when I left this study area because of human
interference. Suitable nesting cover and feeding areas were separated
by short distances of unusable marsh for most of the sparrows on the
Lavallette study area. This fact caused the adults to commute from one
site to the other. Photographs of shoreline habitat suitable for
feeding by Seaside Sparrows appear in plate 2.
The area defended about the nest tended to follow the rows of
marsh-elder bushes (pl. 3, fig. a), probably because these bushes
supplied suitable song and observation perches. The segments of
shoreline used by each pair were less than 75 yards in length and
scarcely 20 feet wide. I never recorded Seaside Sparrows foraging in
the interior of the marsh.
Sharp-tailed Sparrows were more abundant than Seaside Sparrows on the
marshes at Chadwick and Lavallette. Sharp-tailed Sparrows were the more
difficult to net because of the peculiar organization of the colonies.
This organization, described below, also made nests of that species the
more difficult to find. Only intensive netting at both localities
produced enough marked individuals for me to study the breeding
behavior of the species.
At Chadwick, where I netted most of the 85 Sharp-tailed Sparrows that I
banded, my efforts were concentrated on one segment of the marsh.
Marking made it evident that the males were not territorial, although
they did confine themselves to what might appropriately be called a
breeding home range, the area to which an individual confines itself in
the course of one nesting attempt. Observations of marked birds also
indicated that there was considerable overlap of the breeding home
ranges of individual males.
I recorded a few marked Sharp-tailed Sparrows often enough and over a
long enough period (more than one month) to gain a good idea of the
size of the breeding home range of the males, which I estimate to be
three to four acres. This estimate was made at Chadwick, where large
areas of suitable uniform habitat occur. Females are more secretive
than males, but seem to restrict themselves to areas considerably
smaller than those of the males. My observations of two females that
were feeding young indicated that each female restricted herself to an
area of less than one acre. Female Sharp-tailed Sparrows possibly are
territorial, although I recorded no disputes that would substantiate
this possibility.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Comparative Breeding Behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima — John Shaqi
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