Comparative Breeding Behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritimaWoolfenden, Glen Everett
Science
Comparative Breeding Behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima
Woolfenden, Glen Everett
Sparrows
PREDATORS
Unless the above named mammals preyed on the sparrows, all of the
enemies of the colony at Lavallette were avian. Both Crows (_Corvus
brachyrhynchos_) and Fish Crows (_Corvus ossifragus_) visited the
local marshes frequently as did a Marsh Hawk (_Circus cyaneus_). I
watched the Marsh Hawk make many passes at what I thought were
sparrows, but the only animal I ever saw caught by the hawk was a
_Microtus_. The sparrows were alarmed when the hawk appeared,
quickly and silently disappearing into the grass.
At least two nests on the Lavallette Marsh were destroyed by
predators in the course of the breeding season of 1955. One nest of
the Seaside Sparrow was empty when I checked it on July 3; on July
2 it had contained four young, three days old. On July 21 I found a
dead Sharp-tailed Sparrow, approximately three days old, lying on a
patch of matted grass. A hole was in the flank of the bird and
blood was present about the bill. This nestling was not from a nest
under observation.
PASSERINE ASSOCIATES
On the Lavallette marshes the only passerine associates of the two
species of _Ammospiza_ were Song Sparrows (_Melospiza melodia
atlantica_) and Long-billed Marsh Wrens (_Telmatodytes palustris
palustris_). Two pairs of Song Sparrows and less than six pairs of
marsh wrens nested on the study area. One Song Sparrow nest was
found and is plotted on the map (pl. 1, fig. b); the other pair
nested somewhere along the east shore of the island. The Song
Sparrows at the east end of the island obtained most of their food
from the grounds of the Lavallette Yacht Club across fifty yards of
water to the east. The pair that nested in the western portion of
the island fed along the sand fill or along the bases of the
marsh-elder. Their nest was built in the most extensive area of
these bushes; it was placed approximately one foot above the ground
in a small dead bush and gained support and concealment from the
surrounding black grass. Three of the four eggs hatched on June 30,
and the young left the nest on July 11. Both parents fed the
offspring.
The marsh wrens fed and nested in the cattails. I never saw these
wrens away from the cattails.
WINTER STATUS AND SPRING MIGRATION
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