Only data from mice caught four or more times were used because these
individuals probably had home ranges in the study area, whereas those
caught fewer than four times may have been migrants.
The mean distance between captures (n = 95) for 15 males and five
females of _P. maniculatus_ was 161 feet. Sixteen males and 22 females
of _P. truei_ traveled an average of 143 feet between captures (n =
248). For purposes of comparison, these average distances between
captures could be considered as radii of the estimated home ranges. When
the range for each species is calculated by considering average distance
between captures as the radius of the estimated home range, the average
range of _P. truei_ is 64,210 square feet, and that of _P. maniculatus_
is 81,392 square feet. Both of these estimations are larger than those
made by the inclusive and exclusive boundary-strip method (Table 3), and
smaller than those calculated by using adjusted length of range as the
radius.
Since it is known that ranges of some animals tend to be longer than
wide (Mohr and Stumpf, 1966), calculations of estimated range based on
average distance between captures probably are more accurate than those
based on adjusted length of range.
Usually the estimated home ranges were not symmetrical, and did not
resemble oblongs or circles in outline. Rather, the ranges tended to
follow parts of vegetational zones. Since trapping grids are geometrical
in form, there is a tendency among investigators to consider home ranges
of animals as conforming to geometrical design. This may or may not be
the true situation; telemetric studies on larger animals indicate that
home ranges do not conform to geometrical design. At present there is a
poverty of knowledge concerning methods for determining the precise home
ranges of small mammals. Telemetry appears to offer an unlimited
potential for studies of this kind.
[Illustration: FIG. 3: Graphs showing the distribution of distances
between stations at which mice were captured on successive nights
in Mesa Verde National Park. Graphs for each species represent
records of both males and females.]
Individuals of _P. truei_ and _P. maniculatus_ usually do not have
mutually exclusive home ranges. When the home ranges for all females or
males of one species are drawn on a single map of the trapping grid,
almost every one of their ranges overlaps with the range of at least one
other mouse. In some instances, the home range of an individual overlaps
ranges of several other individuals. In extreme cases an animal's range
lies completely within the estimated boundaries of another individual's
range. Such an enclosed range was always that of a juvenile or of a
young animal. However, an adult may have more than half of its range
overlapping with that of another adult of the same sex and of the same,
or different, species.
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