The middle position of the Earth’s orbit is not without its consequences.
The distance of the Earth from the Sun is, in round numbers, 92,000,000
of miles, nearly three times as far as that of Mercury, the planet
nearest the Sun. Jupiter, on the other hand, is five times as far from
the Sun as the Earth; Uranus about nineteen times as far, and Neptune
about thirty-three times as far.
The time of the Earth’s revolution around the Sun is also equally removed
from the extremes; its year is 365 days; Mercury’s being 87 days;
Jupiter’s 11 of our years; Uranus 84 years; and Neptune’s 165 years.
The daily revolution of the Earth on its axis is also of only medium
swiftness, consuming 24 hours. This, of course, controls the periods
of waking and sleep of the entire animate creation on our globe. Some
planets revolve slower, some more rapidly than our own; Jupiter’s
revolution, for example, is accomplished in little less than 10 hours.
This extreme rapidity seems to account for the much greater flattening at
the poles of the planets than the Earth exhibits, occasioned doubtless
during the formation processes, while those immense revolving masses
were passing from their primitive fluid state into the more rigid forms
in which we know them. Of all the planets, however, the Earth has most
perfectly retained the spherical shape; and the spherical form is in one
sense a medium form; i.e. it is removed from all extremes of angularity,
and so falls in with the analogies which I am endeavoring to establish,
springing from the position of the Earth’s orbit _midway_ between those
of the inner and outer planets. According to Plato, the beauty of form
lies in symmetry, and our Earth is the most symmetrical of planets,
and, unquestionably, the spherical shape is the one best adapted to the
display of the largest number of phenomena possible.
The variations from the spherical form, produced by elevations and
depressions, are only of medium magnitude in our globe compared with
many others in our system. On the smaller planet of Venus, for example,
the mountains are thought to rise to a height of many miles, while five
is the greatest altitude of ours. According to Mädler’s conjectures,
the mountains in our own moon rise to a height of over three miles, an
altitude altogether out of proportion to the size of the moon as compared
with the earth.
In respect to the number of its moons, too, our Earth is no extremist; it
has but one: other planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, have none. On the other
hand, Jupiter has 4, Saturn 7, Uranus 6 at least, and doubtless more. The
general law seems to be, the farther from the Sun the greater the number
of moons; perhaps in the wonderful providence of God, to compensate the
feeble light of those distant realms by the number of the reflecting
bodies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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