Comparative Studies in Nursery RhymesEckenstein, Lina
History
Comparative Studies in Nursery Rhymes
Eckenstein, Lina
Comparative literature; Nursery rhymes -- Bibliography; Nursery rhymes -- History and criticism
Robin made his testament
Upon a coll of hay
And by came a greedy gled
And snapt him a' away. (1870, p. 40.)
_The Robin's Testament_ should be compared with the French piece called
_Le Testament de l'Ane_, "the testament of the ass," of which a number
of variations have been collected. The "testament of the ass" was
recited outside the church on the so-called _Fête de l'Ane_, "the feast
of the ass," which was kept in many cities of France till a
comparatively recent date. In Douai it was celebrated as late as the
year 1668. On this occasion an ass was brought into church, and an
office was recited in Latin, which enlarged on the ass that carried the
Holy Family into Egypt, the ass which bore Christ into Jerusalem, the
ass of Balaam, and so forth. Its chorus consisted of braying, in which
the assembled canons joined. This service in church was preceded by a
recitation outside the holy edifice, which was in the vernacular, and
which, in dialogue form, enlarged on the several parts of the ass.[70]
[70] Clémént, Madame, _Histoire des fêtes civiles et religieuses du
Nord_, 1834, p. 184. Also, Du Cange, Glossarium, _Festum Asinorum_.
One of these dialogue pieces, current in Franche-Comté, describes how
the she-ass, conscious of the approach of death, bequeathed her feet and
ears to her son, her skin to the drummer, her tail to the priest to make
an aspergill, and her hole to the notary to make an inkpot (B., p. 61).
Another version, at greater length, is in the form of instruction which
is given by the priest to the child, whose answers are set in cumulative
form.
"The feast of the ass," in the words of Bujeaud, "must have been very
popular, since I have often heard the children of Angoumais and Poitou
recite the following piece ":--
Le prêtre: Que signifient les deux oreilles de l'âne?
L'enfant: Les deux oreilles de l'âne signifient les deux grands
saints, patrons de notre ville.
Le prêtre: Que signifie la tête de l'âne?
L'enfant: La tête de l'âne signifie la grosse cloche et la langue
fait le battant de cette grosse cloche qui est dans le clocher de la
cathédrale des saints patrons de notre ville. (B. I., p. 65.)
"The priest: What do the ears of the ass stand for?--The child: The
ears of the ass stand for the two great patron saints of our
city.--The priest: What does the head stand for?--The head stands
for the great bell, and the tongue for the clapper of the great bell
which is in the belfry of the cathedral of the holy saints, the
patrons of our city."
We then read of the throat which stands for the entrance to the
cathedral--the body for the cathedral itself--the four legs, its
pillars--the heart and liver, its great lamps--the belly, its
alms-box--the tail which stands for the aspergill--the hide which
stands for the cope of the priest--and the hole which stands for the
holy-water stoup.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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