[42] The "unfit" denotes the diseased, criminals, paupers and lunatics. See "The Fertility of the Unfit," by W. A. Chapple, for an able exposition of the economic causes underlying the alarming increase in the unfit population. [43] E. Haeckel, "Riddle of the Universe." [44] "The False Alarm," a pamphlet on the Middlesex election of 1770. [45] "The Purpose of Education" (1915), by St. George Lane Fox-Pitt. [46] "Psychic Phenomena," by I. J. Hudson, p. 29. [47] _Ibid._ [48] Instinct in its more technical use denotes any inherited tendency to perform a specific action in a specific way when the appropriate situation occurs. In this use instinct should be discriminated from impulse, which may be (1) the sensation or feeling which prompts an instinctive action, (2) a similar prompting to an action which is not instinctive in the narrower sense, or which is characteristic of an individual only and not of a group.--Webster's Dictionary. [49] "Principles of Psychology," vol. i, p. 377. [50] _Ex_ "Essay on Milton." [51] The theory was developed by Professor R. Semon of Munich, in 1908, who used the word "engrams" for "organic memories"; quoted by Professor J. Ward in a lecture on the _mnemic theory_, entitled "Heredity and Memory," delivered at Cambridge in 1912 and subsequently published. Professor Ward considers that greater emphasis should be laid upon the psychic than upon the physical impressions recorded by the "mind-stuff." [52] Hudson's "Psychic Phenomena," p. 30. [53] _Op. cit._, p. 129. [54] _Vide_ Bramwell's "Hypnotism," 3rd edition, p. 334. [55] "Suggestive Therapeutics." [56] _Op. cit._, p. 44. [57] _Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift_, June 15, 1915. [58] "Principles of Psychology," p. 643. [59] _Ibid._, vol. i, p. 654. [60] "Principles of Psychology," vol. i, p. 682. [61] Ed. 1847, vol. i, p. 117; also quoted in Carpenter's "Mental Physiology," chap, x, in illustration of his theory of "unconscious cerebrations." [62] Hudson's "Psychic Phenomena," p. 44, and James's "Principles of Psychology," vol. i, p. 681. [63] "The Sanity of Art," by George Bernard Shaw. VI VALUER AND VALUATION