_Note_, Although this argument of Mr. Hargrave is said to have been delivered in the particular Case of Somerset _a Negroe_, yet it is meant and intended as a course of reasoning upon the general question of the state and condition _of Negroes_. [2] It is said in Mr. Hargrave’s argument, p. 23. “such was the expiring state of domestic slavery in Europe at the commencement of the 16th century, when the discovery of America and of the Western and Eastern coasts of Africa, gave occasion to the introduction of a new species of slavery.” If the arguer had said _a new species of traffic_, instead of a new species of slavery, he had expressed the real matter of fact; seeing that the law by which this concern is regulated, considers it in no other light or view whatever. For this reason too, it cannot be enumerated among the several species of slavery that he has mentioned, and taken notice of; each distinct species having its distinct laws, appropriated thereto distinctly, as the laws of slavery. Among the Portuguese and Spaniards, I have been given to understand, that Negroes are, and have ever been considered, as with the English, matter of Property, and articles of commerce in the common course of traffic; and were so estimated by the French, until the refined age of Lewis XIV. gave rise to a new institution of law, under the title of the _Code noir_, for the particular government of Negroes in their American colonies. It were to be wished that a fit and proper digest of this sort could take place with us: but, I fear, the difficulty (which arises not so much from the subject, as from the means of introduction) will prevent the execution of any such plan. From the unlimited power of the Crown of France, when laws are made, it is easy to enforce an obedience to them: from the limited power of our monarchy, such obedience is not to be exacted. Each English colony has a legislature of its own; and although they all agree in the framing of laws not repugnant to the laws of England, yet they all widely differ among themselves in the mode and practice of those laws.