CHAPTER XIII. THE FOUNDATION OF CONSTANTINOPLE 257 CHAPTER XIV. ARIUS AND ATHANASIUS 285 CHAPTER XV. CONSTANTINE’S DEATH AND CHARACTER 301 CHAPTER XVI. THE EMPIRE AND CHRISTIANITY 330 INDEX 357 [Illustration] ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE CONSTANTINE THE GREAT _Frontispiece_ From the British Museum Print Room. BUST OF DIOCLETIAN 22 CONSTANTINE THE GREAT 40 From Grosvenor’s _Constantinople_. THE GOLDEN GATE OF DIOCLETIAN’S PALACE AT SALONA 60 (SPALATO) BUST OF MAXIMIAN AT ROME 62 Photograph by Alinari. FRAGMENT OF 4TH CENTURY EGYPTIAN POTTERY BOWL 70 Showing an early portrait of Christ, with busts of the Emperor Constantine and the Empress Fausta. From the British Museum. THE BATTLE OF THE MILVIAN BRIDGE, BY RAPHAEL 86 In the Vatican. Photograph by Alinari. THE ARCH OF CONSTANTINE AT ROME 90 Photograph by Alinari. CONSTANTINE’S VISION OF THE CROSS, BY RAPHAEL 94 In the Vatican. Photograph by Alinari. THE WESTERN SIDE OF A PEDESTAL, SHOWING THE HOMAGE OF 126 THE VANQUISHED GOTHS From Grosvenor’s _Constantinople_. THE AMPHITHEATRE AT ARLES 168 Exterior view. Present day. THE AMPHITHEATRE AT ARLES AS IT APPEARED IN 1686 172 From an old print. STATUE OF CONSTANTINE FROM THE PORCH OF SAN GIOVANNI 188 IN LATERAN, AT ROME GATE OF ST. ANDREW AT AUTUN 212 “CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AND HIS MOTHER, ST. HELENA, 238 HOLY, EQUAL TO THE APOSTLES” From a picture discovered 1845, in an old church of Mesembria. From Grosvenor’s _Constantinople_. THE DONATION OF CONSTANTINE 248 From the painting by Raphael in the Vatican. Photograph by Alinari. ST. HELENA’S VISION OF THE CROSS 250 By Paul Veronese. National Gallery, London. CHART OF THE EASTERN SECTION OF MEDIÆVAL 258 CONSTANTINOPLE From Grosvenor’s _Constantinople_. BAPTISTERY OF SAN GIOVANNI IN LATERAN, ROME 262