Michael VIII. Palæologus 1260-1282 Andronicus II. Palæologus 1282-1328 Co-Emperor-- Michael IX. 1295-1320 Andronicus III. Palæologus 1328-1341 John VI. Palæologus 1341-1391 Co-Emperors-- John V. Cantacuzene 1342-1355 Andronicus IV. Palæologus (usurped throne) 1376-1379 Manuel II. Palæologus 1391-1425 John VII. Palæologus 1425-1448 Constantine XII. Palæologus 1448-1453 _Turkish Sultans_ Mohammed II., "The Conqueror" 1451-1481 Bayezid II., "The Mystic" 1481-1512 Selim I., "The Great" 1512-1520 Suleiman I., "The Magnificent" 1520-1566 Selim II., "The Sot" 1566-1574 Murad III. 1574-1595 Mohammed III. 1595-1603 Ahmed I. 1603-1617 Mustafa I. } 1617-(1618) Osman II. } 1623 Murad IV. 1623-1640 Ibrahim 1640-1649 Mohammed IV. 1649-1687 Suleiman II. 1687-1691 Ahmed II. 1691-1695 Mustafa II. 1695-1703 Ahmed III. 1703-1730 Mahmûd I. 1730-1754 Osman III. 1754-1757 Mustafa III. 1757-1774 Abdul Hamid I. 1774-1789 Selim III. 1789-1807 Mustafa IV. 1807-1808 Mahmûd II., "The Reformer" 1808-1839 Abdul Mejid 1839-1861 Abdul Aziz 1861-1876 Murad V. 1876 Abdul Hamid II. 1876 Constantinople CHAPTER I _The History of the City in ancient and mediæval times_ 1. BYZANTIUM BEFORE CONSTANTINE.