A second development is the appearance of a new type of management. A group of younger men and women with a broad background, an intense interest in cooperation and a capacity of growing up with the business is working now to make these cooperatives even more successful. The cooperative movement is likely to grow in pretty close proportion to the ability of these leaders and the men and women they can attach to themselves. Heretofore the greatest handicap of the cooperative movement in this country has been the lack of trained and able leaders. A third significant development is the adoption by cooperatives of the best methods of management and accounting. Until this had been done the cooperatives had small chance of succeeding. It is probable that cooperatives which lack some of the incentives of the ordinary commercial business will be compelled constantly to adopt the most efficient and advanced type of machinery. In setting this up as a definite standard they will escape the inertia and conservatism that ordinarily characterize large groups, a condition which at the present time is retarding the British cooperative movement. Two years ago accurate accounting was an unusual thing among cooperatives. At the present time practically all the cooperatives in the State have their books gone over periodically by trained public accountants. A still further trend in the cooperative development is the extension of the movement into new lines of business. To this extent the failure of cooperative grocery stores has had a beneficial effect since it has forced groups to undertake different kinds of cooperative business. In New York City at the present time cooperatives are engaged in such diverse business as that of restaurants, cafeterias, bakeries, coal associations, pool rooms, printing establishments, meat stores and laundries. This means that the cooperatives are not following tradition but are thinking for themselves and are selecting that enterprise which will serve them most effectively. In going into these businesses where profits are greatest they are not only prospering themselves but they are performing one of their most legitimate functions, that of protecting the consumer from extortionate profits. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Bubnoff, J.V. The Cooperative Movement in Russia. 162 p. Manchester, 1917. Faber, Harold. Cooperation in Danish Agriculture. 176 p. London, 1918. Gebhard, Hannes. Cooperation in Finland. 190 p. London, 1916. [A] Gide, Charles. Consumers' Cooperative Societies (trans. from the French). 251 p. Manchester, 1921. [A] Harris, Emerson P. Cooperation, The Hope of the Consumer. 328 p. New York, Macmillan Company, 1918. Howe, Frederick C. Denmark, A Cooperative Commonwealth. 203 p. New York, Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1921. Johns Hopkins University Studies, Vol. VI. History of Cooperation in the United States. 540 p. Baltimore, 1888. Nicholson, Isa. Our Story. 80 p. Manchester, 1918.