4. Nox-group. North India, Java, and Philippines 5 species 5. Coon-group. North India to Java 2" 6. Polydorus-group. India to New Guinea and Pacific 7" 7. Ulysses-group. Celebes to New Caledonia 4" 8. Peranthus-group. India to Timor and Moluccas (India, maximum) 9" 9. Memnon-group. India to Timor and Moluccas (Java, maximum) 10" 10. Helenus-group. Africa and India to New Guinea 11" 11. Pammon-group. India to Pacific and Australia 9" 12. Erectheus-group. Celebes to Australia 2" 13. Demolion-group. India to Celebes 2" 14. Erithonius-group. Africa, India, Australia 1" 15. Paradoxa-group. India to Java (Borneo, maximum) 5" 16. Dissimilis-group. India to Timor (India, maximum) 2" 17. Macareus-group. India to New Guinea 10" 18. Antiphates-group. Widely distributed 8" 19. Eurypylus-group. India to Australia 15" Leptocircus. 20. Leptocircus-group. India to Celebes 4" This Table shows the great affinity of the Malayan with the Indian Papilionidae, only three out of the twenty groups ranging beyond, into Africa, Europe, or America. The limitation of groups to the Indo-Malayan or Austro-Malayan divisions of the archipelago, which is so well marked in the higher animals, is much less conspicuous in insects, but is shown in some degree by the Papilionidae. The following groups are either almost or entirely restricted to one portion of the archipelago:-- _Indo-Malayan Region._ _Austro-Malayan Region._ Nox-group. Priamus-group. Coon-group. Ulysses-group. Macareus-group (nearly). Erechtheus-group. Paradoxa-group. Dissimilis-group (nearly). Brookeanus-group. LEPTOCIRCUS (genus). The remaining groups, which range over the whole archipelago, are, in many cases, insects of very powerful flight, or they frequent open places and the sea-beach, and are thus more likely to get blown from island to island. The fact that three such characteristic groups as those of Priamus, Ulysses, and Erechtheus are strictly limited to the Australian region of the archipelago, while five other groups are with equal strictness confined to the Indian region, is a strong corroboration of that division which has been founded almost entirely on the distribution of Mammalia and Birds. If the various Malayan islands have undergone recent changes of level, and if any of them have been more closely united within the period of existing species than they are now, we may expect to find indications of such changes in community of species between islands now widely separated; while those islands which have long remained isolated would have had time to acquire peculiar forms by a slow and natural process of modification.