Produced by Chris Curnow, Leonora Dias de Lima, Henry Gardiner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net * * * * * Transcriber’s Note: The original publication has been replicated faithfully except as shown in the TRANSCRIBER’S AMENDMENTS at the end of the text. This etext presumes a mono-spaced font on the user’s device, such as Courier New. Words in italics are indicated like _this_. Text emphasized with bold characters or other treatment is shown like =this=. The author indicates questionable data with (?). Superscripts are indicated like this: S^{ta} Maria. Subscripts are indicated like this: H_{2}O. * * * * * COOLEY’S CYCLOPÆDIA OF PRACTICAL RECEIPTS AND COLLATERAL INFORMATION IN THE ARTS, MANUFACTURES, PROFESSIONS, AND TRADES INCLUDING Medicine, Pharmacy, Hygiene, and Domestic Economy DESIGNED AS A COMPREHENSIVE SUPPLEMENT TO THE PHARMACOPŒIA AND GENERAL BOOK OF REFERENCE FOR THE MANUFACTURER, TRADESMAN, AMATEUR, AND HEADS OF FAMILIES SIXTH EDITION REVISED AND GREATLY ENLARGED BY RICHARD V. TUSON, F.I.C., F.C.S. PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE; FORMERLY LECTURER ON CHEMISTRY AT THE CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL. VOL. I [Illustration] LONDON J. & A. CHURCHILL, NEW BURLINGTON STREET 1880 PRINTED BY ADLARD AND SON BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE. PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION Some one has said that “when a book reaches a fifth edition it scarcely requires a preface.” If such be true of a fifth, it is probably still truer of a sixth edition, and therefore this issue of ‘Cooley’s Cyclopædia’ might fairly be sent forth to the public without any prefatory remarks whatever. It is, however, desirable to point out that the present edition is larger than the last by about six hundred pages; that much greater space than hitherto is devoted to Hygiène (including sanitation, the composition and adulteration of foods) as well as to the Arts, Pharmacy, Manufacturing Chemistry, and other subjects of importance to those for whom the work is intended. The articles on what is commonly termed ‘Household Medicine’ have been amplified and numerically increased.