WILLIAM PRITCHARD, Professor of Anatomy in the Royal Veterinary College. A. E. SANSOM, M.D. Lond., M.R.C.P., Physician to the Royal Hospital for Diseases of the Chest. J. B. SIMONDS, Principal of, and Professor of Pathology in, the Royal Veterinary College. JOHN SPILLER, F.I.C., F.C.S. JOHN STENHOUSE, LL.D., F.R.S., formerly Lecturer on chemistry in St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. ABBREVIATIONS, ETC., USED IN THIS WORK These, for the most part, consist of the first syllable, or the initial letter or letters of the words they stand for. As _Prep._, preparation; _Pur._, purity; _Purif._, purification; _Obs._, observations; _Var._, varieties, &c.——Ph., stands for _pharmacopœia_; B. P., for _British Pharmacopœia_; Ind. Ph., for _Indian Pharmacopœia_; Cod., for _Codex._——L., E., D., P., U. S., &c., associated with the last two abbreviations, are the initial letters of the cities and countries which produced the respective works; as, London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, United States, &c. When no dates are given, the last editions of the pharmacopœias are referred to. _lb._, _oz._, _dr._, respectively represent the _pound_, _ounce_, and _drachm_ (1/8 oz.), AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. This is the only weight employed in the British and last Dublin Pharmacopœias. lb., oz., dr., and gr., refer to the _pound_, _ounce_, _drachm_, and _grain_, APOTHECARIES’ or TROY WEIGHT. The word ‘_drop_’ in all cases indicates a measured drop or minim. The _names of individuals_ which appear in this work are those to whom the immediately attached information or formula is usually attributed, or on whose recommendation or authority it has been selected. ′ denotes the _accented vowel_ or _syllable_. ′′ that the following consonant coalesces with the preceding letter in utterance. † that the name or the definition to which it is attached is ‘_obsolete_,’ * that the name or the definition to which it is attached is ‘_obsolescent_,’ little used, or objectionable. ‡ that the name or the definition to which it is attached is ‘_colloquial_,’ or popular, or used only in trade. § that the name or the definition to which it is attached is ‘_vulgar_,’ A CYCLOPÆDIA OF PRACTICAL RECEIPTS, PROCESSES, AND COLLATERAL INFORMATION A——ABBREVIATION =A-, ab-, abs-.= [L.] In _composition_, from, denoting distance, departure, separation, or opposition; as in _aberration_, _abstraction_, _abnormal_, &c. =A-, an-.= [Gr.] In _composition_, no, not, without, denoting the absence or loss of some quality or thing; as in _achromatic_, _anhydrous_, _amorphous_, &c.