ACONITIA with other alkaloids, _e.g._, delphinia, aconella, &c. ALE, common salt, _Cocculus indicus_, grains of paradise, quassia, and other bitters, sulphate of iron, alum, &c. ALLSPICE, mustard husks. ANCHOVIES, other fish, and colouring matters, _e.g._, Armenian bole, Venetian red, &c. ANNATTO, all sorts of starch, soap, red ferruginous earths, carbonate and sulphate of lime, salts, &c. ARROWROOT, various other fecula, such as sago, tapioca, potato, and others. BALSAM OF COPAIBA, turpentine and fixed oils. BEEF (POTTED), Armenian bole. BISMUTH, carbonate of lead, sometimes arsenic (this latter is an impurity not intentional). BLOATERS (POTTED), Armenian bole. BRANDY, water, burnt sugar, &c. BREAD, potatoes (mashed), alum, inferior flour, &c., &c. BUTTER, water, salt, colouring matter, lard, tallow, and other fats. CAJUPUT OIL, copper, camphor dissolved in oil of rosemary, and coloured with copper as a substitute. CALAMINE, coloured sulphate of baryta. CALOMEL, sulphate of baryta, chalk, white precipitate, white lead, pipe-clay, &c., &c. CALUMBA, tinged bryony root, root of _Frasera Walteri_, and others. CAMBOGE, starch, &c. CAMPHOR, a substitution of Borneo camphor has been made. CANTHARIDES, golden beetle, artificially coloured glass, &c. CARBONATE OF LEAD, sulphate of baryta, sulphate of lead, chalk, &c., &c. CARMINE (COCHINEAL), sulphate of baryta, bone black, &c. CASSIA (SENNA), leaves of _Solenostemma argel_, and other foreign leaves. CASTOR OIL, other oils, often small quantities of croton oil. CAYENNE, ground rice, vermilion, Venetian red, turmeric. CHAMPAGNE, gooseberry and other wines as substitutes, different colouring matters, &c. CHEESE, annatto, bole (Armenian), and other colouring matters. CHICORY, colouring matters, such as ferruginous earths, and burnt sugar, Venetian red, &c., and different flours, such as wheat, rye, beans, &c., and sometimes sawdust. CIDER, lead (as an impurity, not intentional). CIGARS, substitutions of hay and other rubbish, inferior tobacco, leaves sometimes darkened by some brown vegetable dye. CINNAMON, cassia, clove stalks, and different flowers. CLARET, brandy, and substitution of inferior wines. CLOVES, clove stalks. COCOA AND CHOCOLATE, cheaper kinds of arrow-root, such as _Tous les mois_ and East Indian, animal matter, corn, sago, tapioca, &c. COFFEE, chicory, roasted wheat, rye flowers, and colouring matters, such as burnt sugar, &c. COD-LIVER OIL, other oils mixed with it. COLOCYNTH (COMPOUND EXTRACT OF), the extract is not unfrequently made with the pulp and seeds. CONFECTIONERY, injurious colouring matters, such as arsenite of copper, chromate of lead, &c. CONFECTION, AROMATIC (AROMATIC CHALK POWDER), expensive ingredients omitted, turmeric substituted for saffron, &c., &c.