SCAMMONY, chalk, starch, guaiacum, jalap, dextrin, &c. SENEGA, guiseng, gillenia. SENNA, leaves of _cynanchum argel._ SHERRY, sulphates of potash, soda, brandy, burnt sugar, &c. SNUFF, carbonate of ammonia, glass, sand, colouring matter, &c. SODA, BICARBONATE, carbonate and sulphate of soda. SODA, CARBONATE, sulphate of soda. SODA, PHOSPHATE OF, phosphate of lime. SPICES, colouring materials, substitutions, and different flours. SQUILLS (POWDERED), wheat flour. SUGAR (MOIST), sand, flour, &c. SULPHUR, sulphurous acid (as an impurity). SULPHURIC ACID, lead, water, arsenic, hydrochloric acid, &c. TAPIOCA, mixing inferior starches with the pure tapioca. TEA, sand, iron filings, exhausted tea leaves, foreign leaves; and in green teas, black lead, Prussian blue, China clay. TOBACCO, inferior tobacco, water. TURMERIC, yellow ochre, carbonate of soda, or potash. UVA URSI (BEARBERRY LEAVES), leaves of red whortleberry, and others. VINEGAR, sulphuric acid, and metallic impurities. WINES, water, jerupiga, bitartrate of potash, substitution of inferior wines, brandy, spirits, and various other matters. ZINC, OXIDE OF, chalk, carbonate of magnesia. “The Sale of Food and Drugs Act” has now supplemented several Acts which were passed during the present century for the prevention of adulteration. An Act prohibiting the mixture of injurious ingredients with intoxicating liquors remains unrepealed, as do also one or two statutes relating to trade frauds as for example the Adulteration of Seeds Act, 1809. These latter have not been incorporated in “the Sale of Food and Drugs” Act. =Æ= (ē). [L.] For words sometimes written with this initial diphthong, and not found below, look under =E=. =ÆGI′RINON= (-jī′-). [Gr.] See OINTMENT. =ÆGYPTI′ACUM=† (-jĭp-tī′-). [Lat.] _Syn._ UNGUEN′TUM ÆGYPTIACUM, L. Oxymel or liniment of verdigris. The name originated with Hippocrates, who is said to have learned its composition in Egypt. =ÆOL′IPILE= (-pĭle). A hollow ball of metal, having a slender neck with a very small orifice, contrived to exhibit the conversion of water into steam by the action of heat, and to account for the natural production of winds. It was known to the ancients, is mentioned by Vitruvius, and was studied by Descartes and others. It has been used in _surgery_ to produce eschars, in the same cases as moxas; the effect of the steam being limited by means of a piece of perforated pasteboard. When filled with alcohol, and the jet of vapour inflamed, it is sometimes employed as a blowpipe. M. Soyer used an apparatus of this kind to supply the heat in his portable furnace. The liquid, however, which he employed was camphine. =A′ER=, (ā′-ĕr). [L. prim. Gr.] Air. =A′ERATED= (ā′-ĕr-rāte-ĕd). In _chemistry_, &c., impregnated with carbonic acid. See ALKALI, LEMONADE, WATERS, MINERAL.