International protection of property, 311--Early copyright protection, 311--English protection, 311--Effect of Berne convention, 313--International literary congresses, 314--Fundamental proposition, 314--Preliminary official conference, 1883, 314--Propositions of 1883, 315--First official conference, 1884, 316--Second official conference, 1885, 317--Third official conference, 1886, 318--Berne convention, 1886, 318--Authors and terms, 318--"Literary and artistic works" defined, 318--Performing rights, 319--Other provisions, 319--Final protocol, 320--Ratification in 1887, 320--Paris conference, 1896, 321--Paris Additional Act, 321--Paris Interpretative Declaration, 322--Ratification in 1897, 322--Berlin conference, 1908, 323--United States' position, 324--Welcome of non-unionist countries, 325--Death of Sir Henry Bergne, 325--Berlin convention, 1908, 326--"Literary and artistic works" defined, 326--Authors' rights, 326--"Country of origin," 327--Broadened international protection, 327--Term, 328--Performing rights, 328--Other provisions, 329--National powers reserved, 329--Organization provisions, 329--Ratification in 1910, 330--Official organ, 330--Montevideo congress, 1889, 331--Pan American conferences, 331--Mexico City conference, 1902, 332--Mexico convention, 1902, 332--Indispensable condition, 333--Special provisions, 333--Ratification, 334--Rio de Janeiro conference, 1906, 334--Rio provisions, 335--Ratification, 336--Buenos Aires conference and convention, 1910, 336--Attorney General's opinion on ratification, 337--Relation with importation provisions, 338--United States international relations, 339--"Proclaimed" countries, 339--Mechanical music reciprocity, 340. XIX. THE INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT MOVEMENT IN AMERICA 341-372