Beagle Expedition (1831-1836); Coral reefs and islands; Geology -- South America; Islands; Volcanoes
continuing to trace the connection of adjoining atolls, if a hasty
glance be taken at the chart (Figure 4., Plate II.) of Mahlos Mahdoo,
and the line of unfathomable water be followed, no one will hesitate to
consider it as one atoll. But a second look will show that it is
divided by a bifurcating channel, of which the northern arm is about
one mile and three-quarters in width, with an average depth of 125
fathoms, and the southern one three-quarters of a mile wide, and rather
less deep. These channels resemble in the slope of their sides and
general form, those which separate atolls in every respect distinct;
and the northern arm is wider than that dividing two of the Māle
atolls. The ring-formed reefs on the sides of this bifurcating channel
are elongated, so that the northern and southern portions of Mahlos
Mahdoo may claim, as far as their external outline is concerned, to be
considered as distinct and perfect atolls. But the intermediate
portion, lying in the fork of the channel, is bordered by reefs less
perfect than those which surround any other atoll in the group of
equally small dimensions. Mahlos Mahdoo, therefore, is in every respect
in so intermediate a condition, that it may be considered either as a
single atoll nearly dissevered into three portions, or as three atolls
almost perfect and intimately connected. This is an instance of a very
early stage of the apparent disseverment of an atoll, but a still
earlier one in many respects is exhibited at Tilla-dou- Matte. In one
part of this atoll, the ring-formed reefs stand so far apart from each
other, that the inhabitants have given different names to the northern
and southern halves; nearly all the rings, moreover, are so perfect and
stand so separate, and the space from which they rise is so level and
unlike a true lagoon, that we can easily imagine the conversion of this
one great atoll, not into two or three portions, but into a whole group
of miniature atolls. A perfect series such as we have here traced,
impresses the mind with an idea of actual change; and it will hereafter
be seen, that the theory of subsidence, with the upward growth of the
coral, modified by accidents of probable occurrence, will account for
the occasional disseverment of large atolls.
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